Loamy Terrace
Scenario model
Current ecosystem state
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Management practices/drivers
Select a transition or restoration pathway
- Transition T1A More details
- Restoration pathway R2A More details
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No transition or restoration pathway between the selected states has been described
Target ecosystem state
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State 1
Reference State
Description
1.1 Warm season grasses (diagnostic plant community)
A mix of warm season grasses, and a few scattered forbs and shrubs are present. Total foliar cover is > 85%.
1.1A Community Pathway: This pathway represents intervals between fires during which natural processes increase shrub and succulent vigor and decrease grass production and composition.
1.1B Community Pathway: This pathway represents fire. Fire suppresses succulents and many shrubs, giving grass a competitive advantage.
1.2 Warm season grasses/shrubs: Over time, foliar cover of shrubs increase and warm season grasses decrease.
1.2A Community Pathway: This pathway represents intervals between fires, which are longer than the historic range of variability. Fire suppression, whether through loss of fuel load due to herbivory or from fighting natural wildfires, has increased shrub and succulent vigor and decreased grass species production and composition.
1.2B Community Pathway: This pathway represents fire. Fire suppresses succulents and many shrubs, giving grasses a competitive advantage.
1.2C Community Pathway: This pathway represents a growing competitive advantage for nitrogen fixing shrubs due to slow changes in soil chemistry and hydrology.
1.3 Warm season grasses/forbs: This site exists after fire. Grasses, respond well to fire, while many shrubs and succulents are suppressed.
1.3A Community Pathway: This pathway represents intervals between fires; during which natural processes increase shrub and succulent vigor and decrease grass production and composition. Over time, plant community 1.3 shifts to 1.1.
1.4 At risk: shrubs/warm season grasses/nitrogen fixing shrubs/succulents: Due to a gradual change in hydrologic function and soil chemistry, succulents and shrubs increase over time. The increased abundance of native nitrogen fixing shrubs such as whitethorn and catclaw mimosa is a key indicator that this community phase is “at risk.”
1.4B Community Pathway: This pathway represents fire. Fire sets back succulents and many shrubs, giving grasses a competitive advantage.
1.4D Community Pathway: A change in livestock grazing management to allow for decreased shrub competition. This accelerates the turnover of fine roots, causing an increase in labile carbon, acceleration in decomposition, and a resulting increase in plant available water.
T1A Transition one: Slow variables: Increased soil erosion; sod-bound blue grama; continued encroachment by nitrogen fixing shrubs; and the loss of the herbaceous plant community due to a decrease in soil organic matter, leading to a decrease in plant available water. Trigger event: A severe drought, causing a loss of organic carbon. Threshold: A hydrologic function/soil chemistry threshold was crossed.
2.0 Shrubs/sod-bound warm season grasses/nitrogen fixing shrubs state
2.1 Shrubs/sod-bound warm season grasses/nitrogen fixing shrubs: Blue Grama is sod bound and erosion is extensive. Nitrogen fixing shrubs have become prominent plants on the site. Foliar cover has decreased to < 40%. A higher Nitrogen turnover rate increases the invasiveness and stability of whitethorn and various leguminous shrubs. This community has a mix of shrubs, succulents, and warm season grasses.
R2A Restoration Process: An increase in the competitive advantage of non-nitrogen fixing species through physical, chemical, and biological management practices.
Submodel
Description
Blue Grama is sod bound and erosion is extensive. Nitrogen fixing shrubs have become prominent plants on the site. Foliar cover has decreased to < 40%. A higher Nitrogen turnover rate increases the invasiveness and stability of whitethorn and various leguminous shrubs. This community has a mix of shrubs, succulents, and warm season grasses.
Submodel
Transition T1A
Mechanism
This transition moves the site across a threshold to state two. Slow variables: excessive soil erosion along with sod-bound blue grama; continued encroachment by nitrogen fixing shrubs; and the loss of the herbaceous plant community. Both chemical and hydrological shifts occur as the C: N decreases, creating an increase in the nitrogen turnover rate and creating an on-going competitive advantage for nitrogen fixing shrubs.
Trigger event: A severe drought, causing a loss of organic carbon. Threshold: A hydrologic function/soil chemistry threshold is crossed.
Restoration pathway R2A
Mechanism
An increase in the competitive advantage of non-nitrogen fixing species through physical, chemical, and biological management practices.
Various facilitating and management practices can be used to restore this ecological site back to reference. Chemical, mechanical, and biological practices can all be used to suppress whitethorn and other leguminous shrubs in the plant community. Also, range seeding, winter feeding, and high intensity-short duration livestock grazing can help bring grass seed and organic matter back into the system and start restoring soil carbon and microbial levels. Eventually, prescribed burning, once fuel loads are adequate, will also help reduce shrub competition and improve grass vigor. Fencing off motorized recreation would also be an important reclamation practice.
Monitoring foliar cover by species along with bare ground will help inform the land manager if plant composition is responding to management.
Model keys
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The Ecosystem Dynamics Interpretive Tool is an information system framework developed by the USDA-ARS Jornada Experimental Range, USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service, and New Mexico State University.