The Reference state is characterized by three distinct plant community phases. The plant communities, and various successional stages between them, represent the natural range of variability within the Reference state.
Submodel
1.1. Big Bluestem and Little Bluestem
1.2. Little Bluestem and Mountain Rush
1.3. Big Bluestem and Little Bluestem, Excessive Litter
An ecological threshold has been crossed and a significant amount of production and diversity has been lost when compared to the Reference state. Significant biotic and soil changes have negatively impacted energy flow and the nutrient and hydrologic cycles.
This is a very stable state, resistant to change due to the high tolerance of Kentucky bluegrass to grazing, the development of a shallow root system (root pan), and subsequent changes in hydrology and nutrient cycling. The loss of other functional/structural groups such as warm and cool-season bunch and rhizomatous grasses, forbs, and shrubs reduces the biodiversity productivity of this site.
An ecological threshold has been crossed. The Increased Bare Ground state denotes changes in infiltration, runoff, aggregate stability, and species composition. The changes in water movement and the plant community affect changes in hydrologic functionality, biotic integrity, and soil and site stability. Infiltration, runoff, and soil erosion vary depending upon the vegetation present. Erosion and loss of organic matter and carbon reserves are concerns.
Frequent and severe defoliation without adequate recovery periods between grazing events and lack of fire shifts this plant community across an ecological threshold to the Sod-bound State. Biotic integrity and hydrologic function are impaired because of this transition.
Long-term frequent and severe defoliation without adequate recovery between grazing events and lack of fire cause a shift across an ecological threshold to the Increased Bare Ground State.
Erosion and loss of organic matter along with invasion of introduced plants and noxious weeds are resource concerns.
Model keys
Briefcase
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The Ecosystem Dynamics Interpretive Tool is an information system framework developed by the USDA-ARS Jornada Experimental Range, USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service, and New Mexico State University.
) icon wherever it occurs. Drag and drop items to reorder. Cookies are used to store briefcase items between browsing sessions. Because of this, the number of items that can be added to your briefcase is limited, and briefcase items added on one device and browser cannot be accessed from another device or browser. Users who do not wish to place cookies on their devices should not use the briefcase tool. Briefcase cookies serve no other purpose than described here and are deleted whenever browsing history is cleared.
