Sandy Outwash Uplands
Scenario model
Current ecosystem state
Select a state
Management practices/drivers
Select a transition or restoration pathway
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Transition T1A
Clear cutting or stand-replacing fire
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Restoration pathway R2A
Disturbance-free period 70+ years
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Transition T2A
Forage established; grazing
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Transition T3A
Site cleared; managed for agricultural crops
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Restoration pathway R3A
Livestock removed
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Transition T3A
Transition to crop production
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Restoration pathway R4A
Site is forested through planting or natural succession
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No transition or restoration pathway between the selected states has been described
Target ecosystem state
Select a state
Description
In absence of stand-leveling disturbances the Reference State Community oscillates between two easily definable community phases, a mature, or late successional, community phase and a rejuvenated community phase.
Submodel
Description
Post-logging state may consist of considerable diversity of pioneer and mid-successional community phases. Here we are describing four, most commonly found under current conditions.
Submodel
Description
Site phase consists of various grasses and forbs utilized for livestock grazing.
Submodel
Mechanism
Clear cutting with initial control of competing vegetation, or a stand-replacing fire, will prepare the site for occupancy by shade intolerant species. This may occur through natural regeneration or by planting.
Mechanism
A period of some 70-100 years without major stand disturbance, especially fire, leads to decreased presence, through natural mortality, of early successional species and the dominance of relatively shade tolerant white pine and sub-canopy of red maple, returning the community to the Reference State.
Mechanism
The site is transition to forage species and grazing by livestock. Management inputs would often include woody species removal, site preparation, seeding with desired forage species, weed control, and grazing management.
Mechanism
This State applies to lower slope areas only. The site is cleared of woody vegetation and transitioned to crop production. Common management inputs include site preparation, planting of desired crop species, and weed control. Some sites may be irrigated.
Mechanism
Removal of livestock grazing will allow the site to slowly transition toward an early successional woodland. Management inputs may include brush control, weed control, and timber stand improvement projects.
Mechanism
A pasture site is transitioned to agricultural production. This is feasible only on lower slope sites. Various agricultural crops may be planted depending on the landowner goals. Management inputs will include site preparation, weed control, and planting of crop species. Some sites may utilized irrigation.
Model keys
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Ecological sites
Major Land Resource Areas
The Ecosystem Dynamics Interpretive Tool is an information system framework developed by the USDA-ARS Jornada Experimental Range, USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service, and New Mexico State University.