Reference state is a forest community dominated by balsam fir (Abies balsamea) and red maple (Acer rubrun). Depending on history of disturbance, two community phases can be distinguished largely by differences in dominance of tree species and community age structure.
Abandonment of agricultural practices and allowing natural vegetation to colonize the site or apply artificial afforestation. The time required for forest community to reach the reference state conditions may exceed 100 years. Unless understory plants are seeded naturally or artificially it may take some time before the understory is restored.
Abandonment of agricultural practices and allowing natural vegetation to colonize the site or apply artificial afforestation.
Model keys
Briefcase
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The Ecosystem Dynamics Interpretive Tool is an information system framework developed by the USDA-ARS Jornada Experimental Range, USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service, and New Mexico State University.
) icon wherever it occurs. Drag and drop items to reorder. Cookies are used to store briefcase items between browsing sessions. Because of this, the number of items that can be added to your briefcase is limited, and briefcase items added on one device and browser cannot be accessed from another device or browser. Users who do not wish to place cookies on their devices should not use the briefcase tool. Briefcase cookies serve no other purpose than described here and are deleted whenever browsing history is cleared.
