Reference state is a forest community dominated by red maple (Acer rubrum) with groups of balsam fir (Abies balsamea) and occasionally hemlock, white pine, sugar maple, and yellow birch. Wetter sites within this ES may also include black ash and/or white cedar. Depending on history of disturbance, two community phases can be distinguished largely by differences in dominance of tree species and community age structure.
Pure, or mixed, aspen – paper birch community replaces the reference state community. If seed source is present, red maple and young cohorts of balsam fir readily becomes member of this community.
Cessation of agricultural practices leads to natural reforestation, or site is replanted.
Model keys
Briefcase
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The Ecosystem Dynamics Interpretive Tool is an information system framework developed by the USDA-ARS Jornada Experimental Range, USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service, and New Mexico State University.
) icon wherever it occurs. Drag and drop items to reorder. Cookies are used to store briefcase items between browsing sessions. Because of this, the number of items that can be added to your briefcase is limited, and briefcase items added on one device and browser cannot be accessed from another device or browser. Users who do not wish to place cookies on their devices should not use the briefcase tool. Briefcase cookies serve no other purpose than described here and are deleted whenever browsing history is cleared.
