Reference state is a forest community dominated by black ash with swamp white oak as a primary associate and including elms and birches on most sites. Depending on disturbance history, two community phases can be distinguished largely by differences in dominance of tree species and community age structure.
Open State consists of two main community phases. Phases are primarily driven by frequency and duration of ponding events that allow or deter establishment of woody, less tolerant species.
The agricultural state in this ecological site is characterized as likely having artificial drainage and is composed of crops such as corn, soybeans, potatoes, and hay.
Major stand-replacing disturbance, such as a blow-down or clear cutting. Removal of canopy causes water table to rise. Sites have more frequent and longer duration of ponding events.
Decreased frequency and duration of ponding events. Seasonal ponding where surface water drains by midsummer. Recruitment of tree species e.g. black ash on localized mounds or high points.
Cessation of agricultural practices and either planting or allowing natural seeding is required for this restoration pathway. Restoration might be accelerated with removal of artificial drainage and restoring hydrology, if applicable.
Model keys
Briefcase
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The Ecosystem Dynamics Interpretive Tool is an information system framework developed by the USDA-ARS Jornada Experimental Range, USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service, and New Mexico State University.
) icon wherever it occurs. Drag and drop items to reorder. Cookies are used to store briefcase items between browsing sessions. Because of this, the number of items that can be added to your briefcase is limited, and briefcase items added on one device and browser cannot be accessed from another device or browser. Users who do not wish to place cookies on their devices should not use the briefcase tool. Briefcase cookies serve no other purpose than described here and are deleted whenever browsing history is cleared.
