Natural Resources
Conservation Service
Ecological site R108XD845IA
Shale Upland Savanna
Last updated: 10/17/2024
Accessed: 11/21/2024
General information
Provisional. A provisional ecological site description has undergone quality control and quality assurance review. It contains a working state and transition model and enough information to identify the ecological site.
Figure 1. Mapped extent
Areas shown in blue indicate the maximum mapped extent of this ecological site. Other ecological sites likely occur within the highlighted areas. It is also possible for this ecological site to occur outside of highlighted areas if detailed soil survey has not been completed or recently updated.
MLRA notes
Major Land Resource Area (MLRA): 108X–Illinois and Iowa Deep Loess and Drift
The Illinois and Iowa Deep Loess and Drift, Western Part MLRA covers parts of both Iowa and Missouri and is known locally as part of the Southern Iowa Drift Plain. A silty loess deposit of varying thickness (5 to 20 feet) covers a series of glacial advances known collectively as pre-Illinoisan till. This till, deposited more than half a million years ago, was subjected to multiple instances of extreme erosion as well as periods of subdued erosion and intense weathering. The loess is thickest in the western part of the MLRA and generally thins eastward. In some areas, the loess has been removed and the older weathered till, called a “paleosol,” entirely exposed. These highly weathered soils, or paleosols, have a high content of clay, which slows the downward movement of water through the profile and causes water to move laterally instead of vertically. Wet areas, or “side-hill seeps,” commonly form where these paleosols become exposed along hillsides (Prior, 1991).
The dominant soil orders in this MLRA are Mollisols and Alfisols and, to a lesser extent, Entisols and Inceptisols. Most of the soils are Udolls or Udalfs. Aquolls are on the flatter interfluves. The soils in the area dominantly have a mesic soil temperature regime, an aquic or udic soil moisture regime, and mixed mineralogy. They generally are very deep, well drained to poorly drained, and silty, loamy, or clayey. These soils on uplands include somewhat poorly drained, nearly level Argiudolls (Macksburg series); moderately well drained, gently sloping to strongly sloping Argiudolls (Sharpsburg series); poorly drained, nearly level Argiaquolls (Winterset series); and well drained strongly, sloping to steep Hapludalfs (Gara, Lindley, Ladoga, and Armstrong series) (USDA-NRCS, 2006).
The western part of the Illinois and Iowa Deep Loess and Drift is a segment of three other MLRAs within the Central Feed Grains and Livestock Region. The other areas are: the West-Central part (108C), the East-Central part (108B) and the Eastern part (108A).
Classification relationships
Major Land Resource Area (MLRA): Illinois and Iowa Deep Loess and Drift, Western Part (108D)
USFS Subregions: Central Dissected Till Plains Section (251C); Loess Hills (251Cb) and Central Dissected Till and Loess Plain (251Cc) Subsections (Cleland et al, 2007)
Relationship to Other Established Classifications:
NatureServe Classification: Ecological System North-Central Interior Dry-Mesic Oak Forest and Woodland (4116); Ecological Association: Quercus marcrocarpa Northern Tallgrass Open Woodland (CEGL002158) (NatureServe, 2013)
Landfire Biophysical Setting: Central Tallgrass Prairie (4314210) (Landfire, 2009)
Ecological site concept
Shale Upland Savannas are within the red areas on the map (Figure 1). These sites formed in 6 to 20 inches of loamy or silty sediments over shale residuum parent material. They can be found on convex side slopes and escarpment-like areas on uplands. Typically, these sites are located down slope from till ecological sites. Soils are typically either Mollisols or Mollic Alfisols. Mollisols are characterized by dark colored surfaces high in organic matter due to the dominant prairie vegetation, Mollic Alfisols are characterized by a slightly thinner organic surface horizon and a zone of clay accumulation deeper in the soil. These sites have rooting restrictions at 20 to 60 or more inches. The reference community is savanna with scattered Quercus macrocarpa and an herbaceous layer of Andropogon gerardii, Sorghastrum nutans, and Schizachyrium scoparium.
Associated sites
| R108XD863IA |
Till Upland Prairie Till Upland Prairie.Fine and fine-loamy textured soils including Adair, Armstrong, Bucknell, Gara, Lamoni and Shelby series. |
|---|---|
| R108XD824IA |
Wet Upland Drainageway Prairie Wet Upland Drainageway Prairie. Fine and fine-silty textured soils including Ackmore, Colo, Vesser and Zook series. |
| R108XD841IA |
Loamy Footslope Savanna Loamy Footslope Savanna. Fine-loamy and fine-silty textured soils including Arbor, Ely, Judson and Olmitz series. |
Similar sites
| R108XD835IA |
Shale Backslope Savanna Shale Backslope Savanna. Fine textured soil including the Clanton and Bauer series. |
|---|
Table 1. Dominant plant species
| Tree |
(1) Quercus macrocarpa |
|---|---|
| Shrub |
Not specified |
| Herbaceous |
(1) Andropogon gerardii |
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