Ecological site F134XY001MO

General information

Provisional. A provisional ecological site description has undergone quality control and quality assurance review. It contains a working state and transition model and enough information to identify the ecological site.

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Figure 1. Mapped extent

Areas shown in blue indicate the maximum mapped extent of this ecological site. Other ecological sites likely occur within the highlighted areas. It is also possible for this ecological site to occur outside of highlighted areas if detailed soil survey has not been completed or recently updated.

MLRA notes

Major Land Resource Area (MLRA): 134X–Southern Mississippi Valley Loess

The Southern Mississippi Valley Loess (outlined in red on the map; northern portion only) is a relatively narrow strip of the coastal plain bordering the Mississippi River valley, that is blanketed with loess. The northern part of this MLRA, discussed here, is locally referred to as Crowley’s Ridge. Elevation ranges from about 300 feet on the footslopes to nearly 600 feet on the highest ridges. Loess caps the summits and upper slopes, and Pliocene-aged sand and gravel deposits of the coastal plain influence soils on lower, steeper slopes.

Classification relationships

Terrestrial Natural Community Type in Missouri (Nelson, 2010):
The reference state for this ecological site is most similar to a Dry-Mesic Loess/Glacial Till Woodland.

Missouri Department of Conservation Forest and Woodland Communities (Missouri Department of Conservation, 2006):
The reference state for this ecological site is most similar to a Mixed Oak Loess/Glacial Till Woodland.

National Vegetation Classification System Vegetation Association (NatureServe, 2010):
The reference state for this ecological site is most similar to a Quercus alba - Quercus falcata - Quercus velutina / Ostrya virginiana Forest (CEGL004068).

Geographic relationship to the Missouri Ecological Classification System (Nigh & Schroeder, 2002):
This Ecological Site occurs throughout the Crowley’s Ridge Subsection, and in the Benton Loess Woodland/Forest Hills Land Type Association of the Ozark Outer Border Subsection.

Ecological site concept

Deep Loess Upland Woodlands are within the green areas on the map (Missouri portion only; distributions farther south are currently under review). These sites are widespread in the uplands, particularly in Scott county, Missouri. Soils are very deep, with no rooting restrictions. The reference plant community is woodland with an overstory dominated by white oak, with minor amounts of black oak and red oak, and a ground flora of native grasses and forbs.

Table 1. Dominant plant species

Tree	(1) Quercus alba (2) Quercus velutina
Shrub	(1) Rhus aromatica (2) Cornus florida
Herbaceous	(1) Helianthus (2) Elymus hystrix

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Physiographic features

This site is on upland summit crests, shoulders and upper backslopes, with slopes of 3 to 15%. The site generates runoff to adjacent, downslope ecological sites. This site does not flood.
The adjacent figure (adapted from Butler, 1985) shows the typical landscape position of this ecological site, and landscape relationships with other ecological sites. It is within the area labeled “1” on the figure, on summits, shoulders and upper backslopes. Steeper, lower backslopes within this area are in Deep Loess Backslope ecological sites. Fragipan Upland Woodland sites, labeled “2” on the figure, are closely associated with the Deep Loess sites.

Figure 2. Typical landscape relationships for this ecologica

Table 2. Representative physiographic features

Landforms	(1) Ridge (2) Interfluve
Flooding frequency	None
Ponding frequency	None
Slope	3 – 15%
Aspect	Aspect is not a significant factor

Climatic features

Table 3. Representative climatic features

Frost-free period (characteristic range)	165-184 days
Freeze-free period (characteristic range)	194-208 days
Precipitation total (characteristic range)	1,194-1,219 mm
Frost-free period (actual range)	163-191 days
Freeze-free period (actual range)	193-214 days
Precipitation total (actual range)	1,194-1,245 mm
Frost-free period (average)	175 days
Freeze-free period (average)	202 days
Precipitation total (average)	1,219 mm

Characteristic range

Actual range

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Figure 3. Monthly precipitation range

Characteristic range

Actual range

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Figure 4. Monthly minimum temperature range

Characteristic range

Actual range

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Figure 5. Monthly maximum temperature range

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Figure 6. Monthly average minimum and maximum temperature

Figure 7. Annual precipitation pattern

Figure 8. Annual average temperature pattern

Climate stations used

(1) CAPE GIRARDEAU MUNI AP [USW00003935], Chaffee, MO
(2) ADVANCE 1 S [USW00093825], Advance, MO
(3) WAPPAPELLO DAM [USC00238700], Wappapello, MO

Soil features

These soils have no major rooting restriction. The soils were formed under woodland vegetation, and have thin, light-colored surface horizons. Parent material is loess. The soils have silt loam surface horizons. Subsoils are silt loam to silty clay loam. These soils are not affected by seasonal wetness. Soil series associated with this site include Memphis.
The accompanying picture of the Memphis series shows a dark grayish brown silt loam surface horizon to about 18 cm overlying the brown silt loam to silty clay loam subsoil. Pale silt coats on structural prism faces can be seen below one meter in this picture. Picture courtesy of Kevin Godsey and Dan Childress; scale is in centimeters.

Figure 9. Memphis series

Table 4. Representative soil features

Surface texture	(1) Silt loam
Family particle size	(1) Loamy
Drainage class	Well drained
Permeability class	Moderately slow
Surface fragment cover <=3"	0%
Surface fragment cover >3"	0%
Available water capacity (0-101.6cm)	20.32 – 22.86 cm
Calcium carbonate equivalent (0-101.6cm)	0%
Electrical conductivity (0-101.6cm)	0 – 2 mmhos/cm
Sodium adsorption ratio (0-101.6cm)	0
Soil reaction (1:1 water) (0-101.6cm)	4.5 – 6
Subsurface fragment volume <=3" (Depth not specified)	0%
Subsurface fragment volume >3" (Depth not specified)	0%

Common name	Symbol	Scientific name	Nativity	Height (m)	Canopy cover (%)	Diameter (cm)	Basal area (square m/hectare)
Tree
white oak	QUAL	Quercus alba	Native	–	–	–	–
shagbark hickory	CAOV2	Carya ovata	Native	–	–	–	–

Common name	Symbol	Scientific name	Nativity	Height (m)	Canopy cover (%)
Grass/grass-like (Graminoids)
Pennsylvania sedge	CAPE6	Carex pensylvanica	Native	–	–

Rangeland health reference sheet

Interpreting Indicators of Rangeland Health is a qualitative assessment protocol used to determine ecosystem condition based on benchmark characteristics described in the Reference Sheet. A suite of 17 (or more) indicators are typically considered in an assessment. The ecological site(s) representative of an assessment location must be known prior to applying the protocol and must be verified based on soils and climate. Current plant community cannot be used to identify the ecological site.

Author(s)/participant(s)
Contact for lead author
Date
Approved by
Approval date
Composition (Indicators 10 and 12) based on	Annual Production

Indicators

Number and extent of rills:
Presence of water flow patterns:
Number and height of erosional pedestals or terracettes:
Bare ground from Ecological Site Description or other studies (rock, litter, lichen, moss, plant canopy are not bare ground):
Number of gullies and erosion associated with gullies:
Extent of wind scoured, blowouts and/or depositional areas:
Amount of litter movement (describe size and distance expected to travel):
Soil surface (top few mm) resistance to erosion (stability values are averages - most sites will show a range of values):
Soil surface structure and SOM content (include type of structure and A-horizon color and thickness):
Effect of community phase composition (relative proportion of different functional groups) and spatial distribution on infiltration and runoff:
Presence and thickness of compaction layer (usually none; describe soil profile features which may be mistaken for compaction on this site):
Functional/Structural Groups (list in order of descending dominance by above-ground annual-production or live foliar cover using symbols: >>, >, = to indicate much greater than, greater than, and equal to):

Dominant:

Sub-dominant:

Other:

Additional:
Amount of plant mortality and decadence (include which functional groups are expected to show mortality or decadence):
Average percent litter cover (%) and depth ( in):
Expected annual annual-production (this is TOTAL above-ground annual-production, not just forage annual-production):
Potential invasive (including noxious) species (native and non-native). List species which BOTH characterize degraded states and have the potential to become a dominant or co-dominant species on the ecological site if their future establishment and growth is not actively controlled by management interventions. Species that become dominant for only one to several years (e.g., short-term response to drought or wildfire) are not invasive plants. Note that unlike other indicators, we are describing what is NOT expected in the reference state for the ecological site:
Perennial plant reproductive capability:

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Ecological site F134XY001MO

Deep Loess Upland Woodland

Accessed: 11/21/2024

General information

Figure 1. Mapped extent

MLRA notes

Classification relationships

Ecological site concept

Table 1. Dominant plant species

Ecosystem states

State 1 submodel, plant communities

Natural Resources
Conservation Service