Moist Till Upland
Scenario model
Current ecosystem state
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Management practices/drivers
Select a transition or restoration pathway
- Transition T1A More details
- Transition T1B More details
- Transition T1C More details
- Restoration pathway R2A More details
- Transition T2A More details
- Transition T2B More details
- Restoration pathway R3A More details
- Transition T3A More details
- Transition T3B More details
- Restoration pathway R4A More details
- Restoration pathway R4B More details
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No transition or restoration pathway between the selected states has been described
Target ecosystem state
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Description
The reference community coincides with both PA Natural Heritage Program's Red oak - mixed hardwood forest and Mixed mesophytic forest.
Dynamics includes conversion of site into agricultural production and invasive species establishment. Disturbances include wind, ice, insects, and land clearing or timber harvest.
This forest may have at one time been cleared or plowed during colonial times.
Characteristics and indicators
Soil may have evidence of an historic plow layer (Ap horizon).
Resilience management
Ensure that regenerating trees and shrubs are not heavily browsed by deer that they cannot replace overstory trees. Deer have been shown to have negative effects on forest understories (New York Natural Heritage Program, 2020). Avoid cutting old-growth forests.
Submodel
Description
The state is characterized by active logging. Composition of forest stands will vary based on management objectives.
Submodel
Description
Invasive species such as Japanese barberry, bush honeysuckle, multiflora rose, garlic mustard, and stiltgrass are common in the understory.
Submodel
Mechanism
Time (succession). Forest stand improvement, restoration.
Model keys
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Ecological sites
Major Land Resource Areas
The Ecosystem Dynamics Interpretive Tool is an information system framework developed by the USDA-ARS Jornada Experimental Range, USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service, and New Mexico State University.