General information

Provisional. A provisional ecological site description has undergone quality control and quality assurance review. It contains a working state and transition model and enough information to identify the ecological site.

MLRA notes

Major Land Resource Area (MLRA): 006X–Cascade Mountains, Eastern Slope

Stretching from northern Washington to southern Oregon, MLRA6 encompasses the mountain slopes, foothills, elevated plateaus and valleys on the eastern slopes of the Cascade mountains. This MLRA is a transitional area between the Cascade Mountains to the west and the lower lying Columbia Basalt Plateau to the east.
Situated in the rain shadow of the Cascade Crest, this MLRA receives less precipitation than portions of the cascades further west and greater precipitation than the basalt plateaus to the east. Geologically, the majority of the MLRA is dominated by Miocene volcanic rocks, while the northern portion is dominated by Pre-Cretaceous metamorphic rocks and the southern portion is blanketed with a thick mantle of ash and pumice from Mount Mazama. The soils in the MLRA dominantly have a mesic, frigid, or cryic soil temperature regime, a xeric soil moisture regime, and mixed or glassy mineralogy. They generally are moderately deep to very deep, well drained, and loamy or ashy. Biologically, the MLRA is dominated by coniferous forest, large expanses of which are dominated by ponderosa pine, Douglas-fir or lodgepole pine. Areas experiencing cooler and moister conditions include grand fir, white fir, and western larch while the highest elevations include pacific silver fir, subalpine fir and whitebark pine.
Economically, timber harvest and recreation are important land uses in these forests. Historically, many of these forests would have experienced relatively frequent, low and mixed severity fire favoring the development of mature forests dominated by ponderosa pine or Douglas-fir. In the southern pumice plateau forests, less frequent, higher severity fire was common and promoted the growth of large expanses of lodgepole pine forests.

LRU notes

This unit is characterized by ash mantled lava flows and glacial outwash plains on lower mountain slopes and foothills of the East Cascades in Oregon. Vegetation is largely dominated by forests of ponderosa pine with transitional dry mixed conifer forests where Douglas fir and grand fir are subdominant occurring in areas with greater effective precipitation.
Historically, these forests have been influenced by a fire regime whereby frequent to moderately frequent, low and mixed severity fires would have favored the development of open stands of mature ponderosa pine.
The climate of this unit is cool and dry with a predominately xeric soil moisture regime and frigid soil temperature regime. Geologically, underlying lithologies are dominated by Quaternary and late Tertiary basalt and basaltic andesite as well as mixed grain sediments deposited during Pleistocene glacial retreat. Unlike the nearby pumice plateau, this unit lacks the deep pumice soils that favor lodgepole pine and discourage Douglas-fir. This unit is south of the climate influences of the Columbia gorge and therefore does not support woodlands of Oregon white oak.

Classification relationships

Forested Plant Associations of the Oregon East Cascades (Simpson 2007)
CPS213 – Ponderosa pine/Greenleaf Manzanita

Plant Associations of the Central Oregon Pumice Zone (Volland 1985)
CPS213 – Ponderosa pine/Bitterbrush-Manzanita/Needlegrass
CPS217 – Ponderosa pine/Bitterbrush-Manzanita/Idaho fescue

Plant Associations of the Commercial Forest of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation (Marsh 1987)
PIPO/ARPA - Pinus ponderosa / Arctostaphylos patula

Landfire Biophysical Setting (Landfire 2007)
0710531 - Northern Rocky Mountain Ponderosa Pine Woodland and Savanna

Ecological site concept

This site represents a commonly occurring moist ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) site in the foothills of the Eastern Cascades of Oregon. An overstory composed of ponderosa pine and the presence of greenleaf manzanita (Arctostaphylos patula) and snowbrush (Ceanothus velutinus) largely characterize the visual aspect of the reference plant community.
Occupying the moist ponderosa pine elevation band, this site transitions into dry ponderosa, Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) and Oregon white oak (Quercus garryana) communities at its lower elevations (depending on latitude) and moist Douglas fir, grand fir (Abies grandis) – white fir (Abies concolor) communities at its upper elevations and on north and east aspects where effective moisture is increased.
Bitterbrush (Purshia tridentata) may be a common member of the shrub community yet unlike sites where this is the dominant shrub, this site receives greater precipitation (20-30 in) which favors the competitive dominance or codominance of shrubs adapted to greater moisture.
Areas receiving higher precipitation or with soils containing a lower percentage of course fragments, Douglas fir may be common in the overstory, at times codominant with ponderosa pine. While this site may host several minor tree species in the understory such as grand fir, western larch (Larix occidentalis) and incense cedar (Calocedrus decurrens), unlike sites where these species may become dominant overtime, this site receives lower precipitation and has a more frequent fire rotation, preventing less fire resistant species from recruiting into the overstory.
Mixed and low severity fire were historically a critical element of the disturbance regime of this site, acting to thin crowded understories and allow mature fire-resistant ponderosa and Douglas fir to attain an open, savanna-like appearance. Current conditions, however, have been altered by fire suppression and the site now commonly occurs with a closed canopy or dense understory infill.

This is a provisional ecological site that groups characteristics at a broad scale with little to no field verification and is subject to extensive review and revision before final approval. All data herein was developed using existing information and literature and should be considered provisional and contingent upon field validation prior to use in conservation planning.

Associated sites

Similar sites

Table 1. Dominant plant species