Natural Resources
Conservation Service
Ecological site R010XC067OR
SR Shrubby Mountain North 16-20 PZ
Accessed: 11/21/2024
General information
Provisional. A provisional ecological site description has undergone quality control and quality assurance review. It contains a working state and transition model and enough information to identify the ecological site.
Figure 1. Mapped extent
Areas shown in blue indicate the maximum mapped extent of this ecological site. Other ecological sites likely occur within the highlighted areas. It is also possible for this ecological site to occur outside of highlighted areas if detailed soil survey has not been completed or recently updated.
Associated sites
| R010XC034OR |
SR Shrubby Mountain Loam 16-20 PZ Shrubby Mountain Loam 16-20" PZ |
|---|---|
| R010XC049OR |
SR Shrubby Mountain South 16-20 PZ Shrubby Mountain South 16-20" PZ |
Similar sites
| R010XC034OR |
SR Shrubby Mountain Loam 16-20 PZ Shrubby Mountain Loam 16-20" PZ (lower effective moisture, lower production, less tall shrubs) |
|---|
Table 1. Dominant plant species
| Tree |
Not specified |
|---|---|
| Shrub |
(1) Amelanchier alnifolia |
| Herbaceous |
(1) Festuca idahoensis |
Physiographic features
This site occurs adjacent to forestland on the backslopes of tablelands and mountain plateaus. It is typically on slopes with north and northeast aspects. Slopes range from 12 to 60%. Elevations range from 3200 to 5000 feet.
Table 2. Representative physiographic features
| Landforms |
(1)
Plateau
|
|---|---|
| Elevation | 975 – 1,524 m |
| Slope | 12 – 60% |
| Aspect | N, NE |
Climatic features
The annual precipitation ranges from 16 to 20 inches, most of which occurs in the form of snow during the months of November through March. The soil temperature regime is frigid with a mean annual air temperature of 42 degrees F. Temperature extremes range from 90 to -30 degrees F. The frost free period ranges from 30 to 60 days. The optimum period for plant growth is from mid-April through mid-July.
Table 3. Representative climatic features
| Frost-free period (average) | 60 days |
|---|---|
| Freeze-free period (average) | 0 days |
| Precipitation total (average) | 508 mm |
Figure 2. Monthly average minimum and maximum temperature
Influencing water features
Soil features
The soils of this site are typically deep and well drained. Typically the surface layer is a loam about 25 inches thick. The subsoil is a gravelly loam about 9 inches thick. Depth to granitic bedrock ranges from 40 to 60 inches. Permeability is moderate for surface soils and moderately rapid in the subsoil. The available water holding capacity is about 6 to 8 inches for the profile. The potential for erosion is moderate to severe.
Table 4. Representative soil features
| Surface texture |
(1) Loam |
|---|---|
| Family particle size |
(1) Loamy |
| Drainage class | Well drained |
| Permeability class | Moderate to moderately rapid |
| Soil depth | 102 – 152 cm |
| Available water capacity (0-101.6cm) |
15.24 – 20.32 cm |
Ecological dynamics
Needlegrasses increase on more coarse textured soils and sedges on steeper, due north exposures. Shrubs will increase with soil depth and precipitation. Tall shrubs often occur in groups with shorter shrubs forming a shrub/grassland mosaic. As a fire-influenced community the frequency of fire will have a major impact on the composition of the stand. Root sprouting shrubs are favored with a higher fire frequency.
If the condition of the site deteriorates as a result of overgrazing, Idaho fescue will decrease while sedges, bluebunch wheatgrass and bluegrasses will increase. Idaho fescue is the preferred species during all seasons. With further deterioration, sod bluegrasses and annuals invade. Under deteriorated conditions, shrubs dominate the overstory and bare ground increases. Excessive erosion in the bare soil interspaces markedly reduces the site productivity and contributes to downstream sedimentation.
State and transition model
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Ecosystem states
State 1 submodel, plant communities
State 1
HIstoric Climax Plant Community
Community 1.1
HIstoric Climax Plant Community
The potential native plant community is dominated by mountain big sagebrush and Idaho fescue. Tall shrubs, serviceberry, chokecherry and bitter cherry are prominent in the stand. Wax current, bitterbrush, buckwheat, needlegrasses and sedges are common. Vegetative composition of the community is approximately 50% grasses, 10% forbs and 40% shrubs.
Figure 3. Annual production by plant type (representative values) or group (midpoint values)
Table 5. Annual production by plant type
| Plant type | Low (kg/hectare) |
Representative value (kg/hectare) |
High (kg/hectare) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Grass/Grasslike | 1130 | 1483 | 1836 |
| Shrub/Vine | 424 | 767 | 1110 |
| Forb | 121 | 222 | 323 |
| Tree | 20 | 40 | 61 |
| Total | 1695 | 2512 | 3330 |
Additional community tables
Table 6. Community 1.1 plant community composition
| Group | Common name | Symbol | Scientific name | Annual production (kg/hectare) | Foliar cover (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Grass/Grasslike
|
||||||
| 1 | Dominant, deep-rooted, perennial grasses | 807–1009 | ||||
| Idaho fescue | FEID | Festuca idahoensis | 807–1009 | – | ||
| 2 | Sub-dominant, deep-rooted, perennial grasses | 262–666 | ||||
| bluebunch wheatgrass | PSSP6 | Pseudoroegneria spicata | 101–303 | – | ||
| needlegrass | ACHNA | Achnatherum | 101–202 | – | ||
| sedge | CAREX | Carex | 61–161 | – | ||
| 4 | Sub-dominant, shallow-rooted, perennial grasses | 20–61 | ||||
| prairie Junegrass | KOMA | Koeleria macrantha | 20–61 | – | ||
| 5 | All other perennial grasses | 40–101 | ||||
| mountain brome | BRMA4 | Bromus marginatus | 13–34 | – | ||
| blue wildrye | ELGL | Elymus glaucus | 13–34 | – | ||
| bluegrass | POA | Poa | 13–34 | – | ||
|
Forb
|
||||||
| 7 | All dominant, perennial forbs | 40–101 | ||||
| buckwheat | ERIOG | Eriogonum | 40–101 | – | ||
| 8 | All sub-dominant, perennial forbs | 61–121 | ||||
| common yarrow | ACMI2 | Achillea millefolium | 20–40 | – | ||
| arrowleaf balsamroot | BASA3 | Balsamorhiza sagittata | 20–40 | – | ||
| desertparsley | LOMAT | Lomatium | 20–40 | – | ||
| 9 | All other perennial forbs | 20–101 | ||||
| agoseris | AGOSE | Agoseris | 2–9 | – | ||
| Indian paintbrush | CASTI2 | Castilleja | 2–9 | – | ||
| shootingstar | DODEC | Dodecatheon | 2–9 | – | ||
| alumroot | HEUCH | Heuchera | 2–9 | – | ||
| Scouler's woollyweed | HISC2 | Hieracium scouleri | 2–9 | – | ||
| western stoneseed | LIRU4 | Lithospermum ruderale | 2–9 | – | ||
| lupine | LUPIN | Lupinus | 2–9 | – | ||
| bluebells | MERTE | Mertensia | 2–9 | – | ||
| phlox | PHLOX | Phlox | 2–9 | – | ||
| purslane | PORTU | Portulaca | 2–9 | – | ||
| ragwort | SENEC | Senecio | 2–9 | – | ||
|
Shrub/Vine
|
||||||
| 11 | Dominant, evergreen, perennial shrubs | 101–202 | ||||
| mountain big sagebrush | ARTRV | Artemisia tridentata ssp. vaseyana | 101–202 | – | ||
| 12 | Sub-dominant, evergreen, perennial shrubs | 40–161 | ||||
| antelope bitterbrush | PUTR2 | Purshia tridentata | 40–161 | – | ||
| 13 | Dominant, deciduous, perennial shrubs | 121–323 | ||||
| Saskatoon serviceberry | AMAL2 | Amelanchier alnifolia | 61–161 | – | ||
| chokecherry | PRVI | Prunus virginiana | 61–161 | – | ||
| 14 | Sub-dominant, deciduous, perennial shrubs | 121–343 | ||||
| bitter cherry | PREM | Prunus emarginata | 20–101 | – | ||
| wax currant | RICE | Ribes cereum | 40–101 | – | ||
| common snowberry | SYAL | Symphoricarpos albus | 40–81 | – | ||
| rose | ROSA5 | Rosa | 20–61 | – | ||
| 15 | All other perennial shrubs | 40–81 | ||||
| yellow rabbitbrush | CHVI8 | Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus | 20–40 | – | ||
| peraphyllum | PERAP | Peraphyllum | 20–40 | – | ||
|
Tree
|
||||||
| 16 | Dominant, evergreen, perennial tree | 20–40 | ||||
| ponderosa pine | PIPO | Pinus ponderosa | 20–40 | – | ||
| 17 | Sub-dominant, evergreen, perennial trees | 0–20 | ||||
| Douglas-fir | PSME | Pseudotsuga menziesii | 0–20 | – | ||
Interpretations
Animal community
This site offers food and cover for mule deer and elk.
Hydrological functions
The soils are hydrologic group B. The soils of this site have moderately low runoff potential.
Wood products
A few scattered fir trees offer cover and diversity for wildlife.
Other products
This site is suited to use by cattle, sheep, and horses in late spring, summer and fall under a planned grazing system. Use should be avoided until the soils are firm enough to withstand trampling damage and soil compaction.
Supporting information
Contributors
A Bahn, H Barrett
E Ersch
Rangeland health reference sheet
Interpreting Indicators of Rangeland Health is a qualitative assessment protocol used to determine ecosystem condition based on benchmark characteristics described in the Reference Sheet. A suite of 17 (or more) indicators are typically considered in an assessment. The ecological site(s) representative of an assessment location must be known prior to applying the protocol and must be verified based on soils and climate. Current plant community cannot be used to identify the ecological site.
| Author(s)/participant(s) | Jeff Repp |
|---|---|
| Contact for lead author | Oregon NRCS State Rangeland Management Specialist |
| Date | 08/07/2012 |
| Approved by | Bob Gillaspy |
| Approval date | |
| Composition (Indicators 10 and 12) based on | Annual Production |
Indicators
-
Number and extent of rills:
None to some, moderate to severe sheet & rill erosion hazard -
Presence of water flow patterns:
None to some -
Number and height of erosional pedestals or terracettes:
None to very few (some frost heaving) -
Bare ground from Ecological Site Description or other studies (rock, litter, lichen, moss, plant canopy are not bare ground):
0-5% -
Number of gullies and erosion associated with gullies:
None -
Extent of wind scoured, blowouts and/or depositional areas:
None, moderate wind erosion hazard -
Amount of litter movement (describe size and distance expected to travel):
Fine - limited movement -
Soil surface (top few mm) resistance to erosion (stability values are averages - most sites will show a range of values):
Moderately resistant to erosion: aggregate stability = 3-5 -
Soil surface structure and SOM content (include type of structure and A-horizon color and thickness):
Deep well drained loams (25 inches thick): Moderate OM (3-5%) -
Effect of community phase composition (relative proportion of different functional groups) and spatial distribution on infiltration and runoff:
Significant ground cover (80-90%) and gentle to steep slopes (12-60%) moderately to significantly limit rainfall impact and overland flow -
Presence and thickness of compaction layer (usually none; describe soil profile features which may be mistaken for compaction on this site):
None -
Functional/Structural Groups (list in order of descending dominance by above-ground annual-production or live foliar cover using symbols: >>, >, = to indicate much greater than, greater than, and equal to):
Dominant:
Idaho fescue > shrubs > other grasses > forbs > treesSub-dominant:
Other:
Additional:
-
Amount of plant mortality and decadence (include which functional groups are expected to show mortality or decadence):
Normal decadence and mortality expected -
Average percent litter cover (%) and depth ( in):
-
Expected annual annual-production (this is TOTAL above-ground annual-production, not just forage annual-production):
Favorable: 2200, Normal: 1800, Unfavorable: 1400 lbs/acre/year at high RSI (HCPC) -
Potential invasive (including noxious) species (native and non-native). List species which BOTH characterize degraded states and have the potential to become a dominant or co-dominant species on the ecological site if their future establishment and growth is not actively controlled by management interventions. Species that become dominant for only one to several years (e.g., short-term response to drought or wildfire) are not invasive plants. Note that unlike other indicators, we are describing what is NOT expected in the reference state for the ecological site:
Perennial brush species will increase with deterioration of plant community. Western Juniper readily invades the site. Cheatgrass and Medusahead invade sites that have lost deep rooted perennial grass functional groups. -
Perennial plant reproductive capability:
All species should be capable of reproducing annually
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