Natural Resources
Conservation Service
Ecological site R030XC322AZ
Sandy Wash 10-13" p.z.
Last updated: 10/21/2024
Accessed: 11/13/2024
General information
Provisional. A provisional ecological site description has undergone quality control and quality assurance review. It contains a working state and transition model and enough information to identify the ecological site.
Figure 1. Mapped extent
Areas shown in blue indicate the maximum mapped extent of this ecological site. Other ecological sites likely occur within the highlighted areas. It is also possible for this ecological site to occur outside of highlighted areas if detailed soil survey has not been completed or recently updated.
MLRA notes
Major Land Resource Area (MLRA): 030X–Mojave Basin and Range
This unit occurs within the Basin and Range Province and is characterized by broad basins, valleys, and old lakebeds. Widely spaced mountains trending north to south occur throughout the area. Isolated, short mountain ranges are separated by an aggraded desert plain. The mountains are fault blocks that have been tilted up. Long alluvial fans coalesce with dry lakebeds between some of the ranges.
LRU notes
AZ LRU 30-3 – Upper Mohave Desert
Elevations range from 2800 to 4500 feet and precipitation averages 9 to 12 inches per year. Vegetation includes Joshua tree, blackbrush, creosotebush, ratany, bush muhly, big galleta, black grama, desert needlegrass, and Indian ricegrass. The soil temperature regime is thermic and the soil moisture regime is typic aridic.
Ecological site concept
This ecological site occurs in bottoms along ephemeral washes.
Associated sites
| R030XC313AZ |
Limy Upland 10-13" p.z. Deep |
|---|
Table 1. Dominant plant species
| Tree |
Not specified |
|---|---|
| Shrub |
(1) Acacia greggii |
| Herbaceous |
(1) Muhlenbergia porteri |
Physiographic features
This ecological site is found in a "bottom" position on low areas within the floodplain of ephemeral washes and drainageways. It receives additional run-in moisture from adjacent ecological sites.
Table 2. Representative physiographic features
| Landforms |
(1)
Flood plain
(2) Wash |
|---|---|
| Flooding duration | Very brief (4 to 48 hours) |
| Flooding frequency | Rare to occasional |
| Ponding frequency | None to rare |
| Elevation | 2,400 – 4,000 ft |
| Slope | 1 – 3% |
| Aspect | Aspect is not a significant factor |
Climatic features
The climate is arid and warm. Annual precipitation ranges from 10 to 13 inches. About 65 percent of the rainfall comes from October through May as gentle rain from Pacific storms which may last for a couple of days. The rest of the rainfall comes during the summer monsoon season from July through September as spotty, brief, intense thunderstorms. Snow rarely falls, and only remains on the ground a few hours at most. Annual air temperature ranges from 46 to 76 degrees F. The average frost-free period ranges from 121 to 231 days.
Table 3. Representative climatic features
| Frost-free period (average) | 231 days |
|---|---|
| Freeze-free period (average) | 269 days |
| Precipitation total (average) | 13 in |
Figure 2. Monthly precipitation range
Figure 3. Monthly average minimum and maximum temperature
Influencing water features
Soil features
The soil of this ecological site is very deep with surface textures of extremely gravelly sand, gravelly loamy sand, gravelly fine sandy loam and gravelly sandy loam. Subsoil textures are extremely gravelly sand, gravelly loamy sand, gravelly fine sandy loam and gravelly sandy loam. Soil parent material is alluvium from granite & limestone. Soil available water capacity is low to high. The soil's erosion hazard by water is severe and by wind is slight to severe. The soil is non-saline, non-sodic with mildly to moderately alkaline pH (7.4-8.4). The soil moisture regime is typic aridic and temperature regime is thermic.
A typical soil profile is:
A-0 to 2 inches; gravelly sandy loam
C1-2 to 10 inches; sandy loam
C2-10 to 19 inches; gravelly sandy loam
C3-19 to 31 inches; gravelly sandy loam
C4-31 to 41 inches; gravelly coarse sandy loam
C5-41 to 60 inches; very gravelly loamy sand
Taxanomic classifications include Sandy-skeletal, mixed, thermic Typic Torriorthents; Coarse-loamy, mixed, superactive, calcareous, thermic Typic Torrifluvents.
Soil map units correlated to this ecological site include 623064, Torriorthents soil, Shivwits Area, AZ, SSA; 697008; 697069, Arizo and Ireteba family soils, Mohave County, AZ, Central Part SSA; 627065, Ireteba family soils, Mohave County, AZ, Southern Part SSA.
Table 4. Representative soil features
| Parent material |
(1)
Alluvium
–
granite
|
|---|---|
| Surface texture |
(1) Extremely gravelly sand (2) Gravelly loamy sand (3) Gravelly fine sandy loam |
| Family particle size |
(1) Sandy |
| Drainage class | Poorly drained to excessively drained |
| Permeability class | Slow to rapid |
| Soil depth | 60 in |
| Surface fragment cover <=3" | 20 – 45% |
| Surface fragment cover >3" | Not specified |
| Available water capacity (0-40in) |
4.2 – 6.5 in |
| Calcium carbonate equivalent (0-40in) |
1 – 10% |
| Electrical conductivity (0-40in) |
Not specified |
| Sodium adsorption ratio (0-40in) |
Not specified |
| Soil reaction (1:1 water) (0-40in) |
7.9 – 8.4 |
| Subsurface fragment volume <=3" (Depth not specified) |
70% |
| Subsurface fragment volume >3" (Depth not specified) |
Not specified |
Ecological dynamics
Sandy Wash, 10"-13" p.z., is a shrub dominated ecological site with a scattered understory restricted to protected areas. Plant community receives additional moisture from run-on events. Annual forbs and grasses flourish following rainfall. Other than flash flooding, natural disturbances are rare. After introduction of non-native annuals (forbs and/or grasses), the shift in total productivity is shift increased seasonal herbaceous production following periods of rain. Dominant shrubs are creosote and white bursage. Assorted half-shrubs are widely scattered.
State and transition model
More interactive model formats are also available.
View Interactive Models
Click on state and transition labels to scroll to the respective text
State 1 submodel, plant communities
State 2 submodel, plant communities
State 1
Historic Climax Plant Community
Community 1.1
Historic Climax Plant Community
The dominant aspect of this plant community is a desert shrub community with grasses. Catclaw acacia is the major shrub, followed by white burrobush and woolyfruited bursage. Bush muhly, sand dropseed, Indian ricegrass and big galleta are the main grasses.
Figure 4. Annual production by plant type (representative values) or group (midpoint values)
Table 5. Annual production by plant type
| Plant type | Low (lb/acre) |
Representative value (lb/acre) |
High (lb/acre) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Shrub/Vine | 211 | 330 | 509 |
| Grass/Grasslike | 71 | 130 | 218 |
| Forb | 18 | 40 | 73 |
| Total | 300 | 500 | 800 |
Table 6. Ground cover
| Tree foliar cover | 0% |
|---|---|
| Shrub/vine/liana foliar cover | 1-3% |
| Grass/grasslike foliar cover | 0-2% |
| Forb foliar cover | 0% |
| Non-vascular plants | 0% |
| Biological crusts | 0% |
| Litter | 0% |
| Surface fragments >0.25" and <=3" | 0% |
| Surface fragments >3" | 0% |
| Bedrock | 0% |
| Water | 0% |
| Bare ground | 0% |
Table 7. Canopy structure (% cover)
| Height Above Ground (ft) | Tree | Shrub/Vine | Grass/ Grasslike |
Forb |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| <0.5 | – | – | – | 0-2% |
| >0.5 <= 1 | – | – | 1-3% | – |
| >1 <= 2 | – | – | – | – |
| >2 <= 4.5 | – | 9-11% | – | – |
| >4.5 <= 13 | – | – | – | – |
| >13 <= 40 | – | – | – | – |
| >40 <= 80 | – | – | – | – |
| >80 <= 120 | – | – | – | – |
| >120 | – | – | – | – |
Figure 5. Plant community growth curve (percent production by month). AZ3023, 30.3 10-13" p.z. bottom sites. Growth begins in the spring and continues through the summer..
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| J | F | M | A | M | J | J | A | S | O | N | D |
| 0 | 1 | 6 | 15 | 18 | 11 | 17 | 22 | 9 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
State 2
Historic Native Plant Community plus Introduced Annuals
Community 2.1
Non-native Annuals
This plant community resembles the historic native plant community, but exotic annuals have been introduced. Non-native species include wild oat, red brome, Mediterranean grass (Schismus spp.), and filaree. The flourish of non-native annuals that occurs following rainfalls may preclude native annuals.
Transition T1A
State 1 to 2
Introduction of non-native annual forb and grass seed.
Additional community tables
Table 8. Community 1.1 plant community composition
| Group | Common name | Symbol | Scientific name | Annual production (lb/acre) | Foliar cover (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Grass/Grasslike
|
||||||
| 1 | 25–50 | |||||
| bush muhly | MUPO2 | Muhlenbergia porteri | 25–50 | – | ||
| 2 | 5–25 | |||||
| sand dropseed | SPCR | Sporobolus cryptandrus | 5–25 | – | ||
| 3 | 5–25 | |||||
| big galleta | PLRI3 | Pleuraphis rigida | 5–25 | – | ||
| 4 | 5–25 | |||||
| Indian ricegrass | ACHY | Achnatherum hymenoides | 5–25 | – | ||
| 5 | 5–25 | |||||
| Grass, perennial | 2GP | Grass, perennial | 5–25 | – | ||
| 6 | 0–10 | |||||
| Grass, annual | 2GA | Grass, annual | 0–10 | – | ||
|
Forb
|
||||||
| 7 | 5–15 | |||||
| desert globemallow | SPAM2 | Sphaeralcea ambigua | 5–15 | – | ||
| 8 | 5–15 | |||||
| Forb, perennial | 2FP | Forb, perennial | 5–15 | – | ||
| 9 | 5–20 | |||||
| Forb, annual | 2FA | Forb, annual | 5–20 | – | ||
|
Shrub/Vine
|
||||||
| 10 | 75–125 | |||||
| catclaw acacia | ACGR | Acacia greggii | 75–125 | – | ||
| 11 | 75–125 | |||||
| burrobrush | HYSA | Hymenoclea salsola | 75–125 | – | ||
| 12 | 5–25 | |||||
| woolly fruit bur ragweed | AMER | Ambrosia eriocentra | 5–25 | – | ||
| 13 | 5–15 | |||||
| buckhorn cholla | CYACM | Cylindropuntia acanthocarpa var. major | 5–15 | – | ||
| 14 | 5–15 | |||||
| rayless goldenhead | ACSP | Acamptopappus sphaerocephalus | 5–15 | – | ||
| 15 | 5–15 | |||||
| Mexican bladdersage | SAME | Salazaria mexicana | 5–15 | – | ||
| 16 | 0–10 | |||||
| creosote bush | LATR2 | Larrea tridentata | 0–10 | – | ||
| 17 | 0–10 | |||||
| tulip pricklypear | OPPH | Opuntia phaeacantha | 0–10 | – | ||
| 18 | 0–10 | |||||
| banana yucca | YUBA | Yucca baccata | 0–10 | – | ||
| 19 | 0–10 | |||||
| broom snakeweed | GUSA2 | Gutierrezia sarothrae | 0–10 | – | ||
| 20 | 0–5 | |||||
| water jacket | LYAN | Lycium andersonii | 0–5 | – | ||
| 21 | 5–25 | |||||
| Shrub, broadleaf | 2SB | Shrub, broadleaf | 0–25 | – | ||
| white ratany | KRGR | Krameria grayi | 0–25 | – | ||
| desert almond | PRFA | Prunus fasciculata | 0–25 | – | ||
Interpretations
Supporting information
Contributors
Harmon Hodgkinson
Harmon S. Hodgkinson
Larry D. Ellicott
Stephen Cassady
Steve Barker
Approval
Kendra Moseley, 10/21/2024
Rangeland health reference sheet
Interpreting Indicators of Rangeland Health is a qualitative assessment protocol used to determine ecosystem condition based on benchmark characteristics described in the Reference Sheet. A suite of 17 (or more) indicators are typically considered in an assessment. The ecological site(s) representative of an assessment location must be known prior to applying the protocol and must be verified based on soils and climate. Current plant community cannot be used to identify the ecological site.
| Author(s)/participant(s) | |
|---|---|
| Contact for lead author | |
| Date | 10/22/2024 |
| Approved by | Kendra Moseley |
| Approval date | |
| Composition (Indicators 10 and 12) based on | Annual Production |
Indicators
-
Number and extent of rills:
-
Presence of water flow patterns:
-
Number and height of erosional pedestals or terracettes:
-
Bare ground from Ecological Site Description or other studies (rock, litter, lichen, moss, plant canopy are not bare ground):
-
Number of gullies and erosion associated with gullies:
-
Extent of wind scoured, blowouts and/or depositional areas:
-
Amount of litter movement (describe size and distance expected to travel):
-
Soil surface (top few mm) resistance to erosion (stability values are averages - most sites will show a range of values):
-
Soil surface structure and SOM content (include type of structure and A-horizon color and thickness):
-
Effect of community phase composition (relative proportion of different functional groups) and spatial distribution on infiltration and runoff:
-
Presence and thickness of compaction layer (usually none; describe soil profile features which may be mistaken for compaction on this site):
-
Functional/Structural Groups (list in order of descending dominance by above-ground annual-production or live foliar cover using symbols: >>, >, = to indicate much greater than, greater than, and equal to):
Dominant:
Sub-dominant:
Other:
Additional:
-
Amount of plant mortality and decadence (include which functional groups are expected to show mortality or decadence):
-
Average percent litter cover (%) and depth ( in):
-
Expected annual annual-production (this is TOTAL above-ground annual-production, not just forage annual-production):
-
Potential invasive (including noxious) species (native and non-native). List species which BOTH characterize degraded states and have the potential to become a dominant or co-dominant species on the ecological site if their future establishment and growth is not actively controlled by management interventions. Species that become dominant for only one to several years (e.g., short-term response to drought or wildfire) are not invasive plants. Note that unlike other indicators, we are describing what is NOT expected in the reference state for the ecological site:
-
Perennial plant reproductive capability:
Print Options
Sections
Font
Other
The Ecosystem Dynamics Interpretive Tool is an information system framework developed by the USDA-ARS Jornada Experimental Range, USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service, and New Mexico State University.
Click on box and path labels to scroll to the respective text.