Natural Resources
Conservation Service
Ecological site R040XC307AZ
Limy Fan, Sandy 3"-7" p.z.
Accessed: 11/21/2024
General information
Provisional. A provisional ecological site description has undergone quality control and quality assurance review. It contains a working state and transition model and enough information to identify the ecological site.
MLRA notes
Major Land Resource Area (MLRA): 040X–Sonoran Basin and Range
AZ 40.3 – Colorado Sonoran Desert
Elevations range from 300 to 1200 feet and precipitation averages 3 to 7 inches per year. Vegetation includes creosotebush, white bursage, brittlebush, Mormon tea, teddybear cholla, elephant tree, smoke tree, ocotillo, and big galleta. The soil temperature regime is hyperthermic and the soil moisture regime is typic aridic. This unit occurs within the Basin and Range Physiographic Province and is characterized by numerous mountain ranges that rise abruptly from broad, plain-like valleys and basins. Igneous and metamorphic rock classes dominate the mountain ranges and sediments filling the basins represent combinations of fluvial, lacustrine, colluvial and alluvial deposits.
Table 1. Dominant plant species
| Tree |
(1) Parkinsonia microphylla |
|---|---|
| Shrub |
(1) Ambrosia dumosa |
| Herbaceous |
(1) Pleuraphis rigida |
Physiographic features
This site occurs as nearly level to gently sloping fan terraces.
Table 2. Representative physiographic features
| Landforms |
(1)
Terrace
(2) Fan |
|---|---|
| Elevation | 23 – 305 m |
| Slope | 1 – 3% |
Climatic features
Precipitation in this common resource area ranges from 3-7 inches yearly. Despite historical averages in rainfall amounts, as one moves from east to west in this resource area rains become more unpredictable and variable with Coefficients of Variation of annual rainfall equal to 44% at Gila Bend and 65% at Mohawk. Winter-Summer rainfall ratios are 40-60%. Summer rains fall July-September, originate in the Gulf of Mexico and are convective, usually brief intense thunderstorms. Summer thunderstorms usually form over the mountains in the afternoon and spread to the valleys and plains in the evening. The intensity of this precipitation is moderate to heavy, but rarely lasts more than half an hour. Many times these storms produce little more than gusty winds and light showers. Cool season moisture tends to be frontal, originate in the Pacific and Gulf of California and falls in widespread storms with long duration and low intensity. Snow is very rare and falls normally only in the higher mountains.
Mean temperatures for the hottest month (Jul) is 93 F; the coldest month (Jan) is 53 F. Extreme temperatures of 125 F and 10 F have been recorded. Long periods with little or no effective moisture occur frequently.
The winter-spring precipitation is the most dependable on the site. Perennial grasses, though classed as warm season growers, grow actively year-round when moisture is available. Shrubs and trees generally respond to seasonal moisture. The two rainy periods bring about their respective production of either winter or summer annual grasses and forbs.
Table 3. Representative climatic features
| Frost-free period (average) | 363 days |
|---|---|
| Freeze-free period (average) | 0 days |
| Precipitation total (average) | 178 mm |
Figure 1. Monthly precipitation range
Figure 2. Monthly average minimum and maximum temperature
Influencing water features
Soil features
These are deep soils. They are calcareous throughout. They may either be sandy throughout, or coarse loamy with a surface cap of sand or loamy sand. Plant soil-moisture relationships are fair.
Soils mapped on this site include: in SSA-627 Southern Mohave county MU Superstition-108; SSA-649 Yuma-Wellton area MU's Superstition-28, Wellton-33 & 34, Dateland-34; SSA-653 Gila Bend-Ajo area MU's Coolidge LFS-11 & Denure LFS-57; SSA-656 Colorado River Indian Reservation MU Superstition-28 & 29.
Table 4. Representative soil features
| Surface texture |
(1) Sand (2) Loam (3) Loamy fine sand |
|---|---|
| Family particle size |
(1) Loamy |
| Drainage class | Well drained |
| Permeability class | Moderately rapid to very rapid |
| Soil depth | 152 cm |
| Surface fragment cover <=3" | 0 – 3% |
| Surface fragment cover >3" | 0% |
| Available water capacity (0-101.6cm) |
10.67 – 18.29 cm |
| Calcium carbonate equivalent (0-101.6cm) |
3 – 10% |
| Electrical conductivity (0-101.6cm) |
0 – 4 mmhos/cm |
| Sodium adsorption ratio (0-101.6cm) |
0 |
| Soil reaction (1:1 water) (0-101.6cm) |
7.9 – 8.4 |
| Subsurface fragment volume <=3" (Depth not specified) |
0 – 10% |
| Subsurface fragment volume >3" (Depth not specified) |
0% |
Ecological dynamics
The plant communities found on an ecological site are naturally variable. Composition and production will vary with yearly conditions, location, aspect, and the natural variability of the soils. The Historical Climax Plant Community represents the natural potential plant communities found on relict or relatively undisturbed sites. Other plant communities described here represent plant communities that are known to occur when the site is disturbed by factors such as fire, grazing, or drought.
Production data provided in this site description is standardized to air dry weight at the end of the summer growing season. The plant communities described in this site description are based on near normal rainfall years.
NRCS uses a Similarity Index to compare existing plant communities to the plant communities described here. Similarity index is determined by comparing the production and composition of a plant community to the production and composition of a plant community described in this site description. To determine Similarity index, compare the production (air dry weight) of each species to that shown in the plant community description. For each species, count no more than the maximum amount shown for the species, and for each group, count no more than the maximum amount shown for each group. Divide the resulting total by the total normal year production shown in the plant community description. If the rainfall has been significantly above or below normal, use the total production shown for above or below normal years. If field data is not collected at the end of the summer growing season, then the field data must be corrected to the end of the year production before comparing it to the site description. The growth curve can be used as a guide for estimating production at the end of the summer growing season.
State and transition model
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Ecosystem states
State 1 submodel, plant communities
State 1
Historic Climax Plant Community
Community 1.1
Historic Climax Plant Community
The potential plant community is a mixture of desert shrubs with an understory of perennial grasses and forbs. Winter and summer annual grasses and forbs are abundant in years with above-average moisture in their respective seasons. Continued grazing during the various growing seasons results in a decline in perennial grasses and an increase in creosotebush. The sandy surface of these soils is subject to severe wind erosion as the perennial plant cover is depleted.
Figure 3. Annual production by plant type (representative values) or group (midpoint values)
Table 5. Annual production by plant type
| Plant type | Low (kg/hectare) |
Representative value (kg/hectare) |
High (kg/hectare) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Shrub/Vine | 280 | 323 | 364 |
| Grass/Grasslike | 168 | 196 | 224 |
| Forb | 28 | 41 | 56 |
| Tree | 6 | 11 | 17 |
| Total | 482 | 571 | 661 |
Figure 4. Plant community growth curve (percent production by month). AZ4041, 40.3 3-7" p.z. all sites. Most growth occurs in the winter to early spring, plants are dormant May through October..
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| J | F | M | A | M | J | J | A | S | O | N | D |
| 5 | 20 | 40 | 25 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 5 |
Additional community tables
Table 6. Community 1.1 plant community composition
| Group | Common name | Symbol | Scientific name | Annual production (kg/hectare) | Foliar cover (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Grass/Grasslike
|
||||||
| 1 | Dominant Grass | 140–168 | ||||
| big galleta | PLRI3 | Pleuraphis rigida | 140–168 | – | ||
| 2 | Misc. Perennial Grasses | 17–28 | ||||
| bush muhly | MUPO2 | Muhlenbergia porteri | 6–11 | – | ||
| sand dropseed | SPCR | Sporobolus cryptandrus | 2–6 | – | ||
| California threeawn | ARCA9 | Aristida californica | 2–6 | – | ||
| threeawn | ARIST | Aristida | 2–6 | – | ||
| 3 | Annual Grasses | 6–28 | ||||
| sixweeks fescue | VUOC | Vulpia octoflora | 0–11 | – | ||
| littleseed muhly | MUMI | Muhlenbergia microsperma | 0–6 | – | ||
| Bigelow's bluegrass | POBI | Poa bigelovii | 0–3 | – | ||
| sixweeks threeawn | ARAD | Aristida adscensionis | 0–3 | – | ||
| needle grama | BOAR | Bouteloua aristidoides | 0–3 | – | ||
| sixweeks grama | BOBA2 | Bouteloua barbata | 0–3 | – | ||
| low woollygrass | DAPU7 | Dasyochloa pulchella | 0–1 | – | ||
|
Forb
|
||||||
| 4 | Misc. Forbs | 28–56 | ||||
| Texas pipewort | ERTE8 | Eriocaulon texense | 1–6 | – | ||
| Thomas' buckwheat | ERTH | Eriogonum thomasii | 0–1 | – | ||
| spurge | EUPHO | Euphorbia | 0–1 | – | ||
| hairy desertsunflower | GECA2 | Geraea canescens | 0–1 | – | ||
| desert lily | HEUN2 | Hesperocallis undulata | 0–1 | – | ||
| Arizona poppy | KAGR | Kallstroemia grandiflora | 0–1 | – | ||
| Gordon's bladderpod | LEGO | Lesquerella gordonii | 0–1 | – | ||
| shaggyfruit pepperweed | LELA | Lepidium lasiocarpum | 0–1 | – | ||
| Bigelow's linanthus | LIBI2 | Linanthus bigelovii | 0–1 | – | ||
| foothill deervetch | LOHU2 | Lotus humistratus | 0–1 | – | ||
| strigose bird's-foot trefoil | LOSTT | Lotus strigosus var. tomentellus | 0–1 | – | ||
| Coulter's lupine | LUSP2 | Lupinus sparsiflorus | 0–1 | – | ||
| California desertdandelion | MACA6 | Malacothrix californica | 0–1 | – | ||
| blazingstar | MENTZ | Mentzelia | 0–1 | – | ||
| bristly nama | NAHI | Nama hispidum | 0–1 | – | ||
| glandular threadplant | NEGL | Nemacladus glanduliferus | 0–1 | – | ||
| evening primrose | OENOT | Oenothera | 0–1 | – | ||
| desert evening primrose | OEPR | Oenothera primiveris | 0–1 | – | ||
| lineleaf whitepuff | OLLI | Oligomeris linifolia | 0–1 | – | ||
| combseed | PECTO | Pectocarya | 0–1 | – | ||
| manybristle chinchweed | PEPA2 | Pectis papposa | 0–1 | – | ||
| phacelia | PHACE | Phacelia | 0–1 | – | ||
| desert Indianwheat | PLOV | Plantago ovata | 0–1 | – | ||
| desert unicorn-plant | PRAL4 | Proboscidea althaeifolia | 0–1 | – | ||
| New Mexico plumeseed | RANE | Rafinesquia neomexicana | 0–1 | – | ||
| desert globemallow | SPAM2 | Sphaeralcea ambigua | 0–1 | – | ||
| Coulter's globemallow | SPCO2 | Sphaeralcea coulteri | 0–1 | – | ||
| small wirelettuce | STEX | Stephanomeria exigua | 0–1 | – | ||
| longbeak streptanthella | STLO4 | Streptanthella longirostris | 0–1 | – | ||
| woolly tidestromia | TILA2 | Tidestromia lanuginosa | 0–1 | – | ||
| carelessweed | AMPA | Amaranthus palmeri | 0–1 | – | ||
| bristly fiddleneck | AMTE3 | Amsinckia tessellata | 0–1 | – | ||
| New Mexico silverbush | ARNE2 | Argythamnia neomexicana | 0–1 | – | ||
| milkvetch | ASTRA | Astragalus | 0–1 | – | ||
| desert marigold | BAMU | Baileya multiradiata | 0–1 | – | ||
| Spanish needles | BIBI7 | Bidens bipinnata | 0–1 | – | ||
| spiderling | BOERH2 | Boerhavia | 0–1 | – | ||
| yellow tackstem | CAPA7 | Calycoseris parryi | 0–1 | – | ||
| white tackstem | CAWR | Calycoseris wrightii | 0–1 | – | ||
| brittle spineflower | CHBR | Chorizanthe brevicornu | 0–1 | – | ||
| devil's spineflower | CHRI | Chorizanthe rigida | 0–1 | – | ||
| Esteve's pincushion | CHST | Chaenactis stevioides | 0–1 | – | ||
| cryptantha | CRYPT | Cryptantha | 0–1 | – | ||
| hairy prairie clover | DAMO | Dalea mollis | 0–1 | – | ||
| western tansymustard | DEPI | Descurainia pinnata | 0–1 | – | ||
| California shieldpod | DICA7 | Dithyrea californica | 0–1 | – | ||
| flatcrown buckwheat | ERDE6 | Eriogonum deflexum | 0–1 | – | ||
| miniature woollystar | ERDI2 | Eriastrum diffusum | 0–1 | – | ||
| desert trumpet | ERIN4 | Eriogonum inflatum | 0–1 | – | ||
| common woolly sunflower | ERLA6 | Eriophyllum lanatum | 0–1 | – | ||
| kidneyleaf buckwheat | ERRE3 | Eriogonum reniforme | 0–1 | – | ||
| desert sand verbena | ABVI | Abronia villosa | 0–1 | – | ||
| onyxflower | ACCO3 | Achyronychia cooperi | 0–1 | – | ||
| common fiddleneck | AMMEI2 | Amsinckia menziesii var. intermedia | 0–1 | – | ||
|
Shrub/Vine
|
||||||
| 5 | Dominant Shrubs | 224–308 | ||||
| burrobush | AMDU2 | Ambrosia dumosa | 168–224 | – | ||
| creosote bush | LATRT | Larrea tridentata var. tridentata | 56–84 | – | ||
| 6 | Misc. Shrubs | 17–28 | ||||
| creosote bush | LATR2 | Larrea tridentata | 56–84 | – | ||
| white ratany | KRGR | Krameria grayi | 2–11 | – | ||
| whitestem paperflower | PSCO2 | Psilostrophe cooperi | 1–3 | – | ||
| triangle bur ragweed | AMDE4 | Ambrosia deltoidea | 1–3 | – | ||
| cattle saltbush | ATPO | Atriplex polycarpa | 1–3 | – | ||
| button brittlebush | ENFR | Encelia frutescens | 1–3 | – | ||
| littleleaf ratany | KRER | Krameria erecta | 1–3 | – | ||
| 7 | Other Shrubs | 6–11 | ||||
| California croton | CRCA5 | Croton californicus | 0–2 | – | ||
| longleaf jointfir | EPTR | Ephedra trifurca | 0–1 | – | ||
| ocotillo | FOSP2 | Fouquieria splendens | 0–1 | – | ||
| crown of thorns | KOSP | Koeberlinia spinosa | 0–1 | – | ||
| water jacket | LYAN | Lycium andersonii | 0–1 | – | ||
| desert ironwood | OLTE | Olneya tesota | 0–1 | – | ||
| crucifixion thorn | CAEM4 | Castela emoryi | 0–1 | – | ||
| 8 | Succulents | 17–28 | ||||
| branched pencil cholla | CYRA9 | Cylindropuntia ramosissima | 2–6 | – | ||
| Wiggins' cholla | CYEC3 | Cylindropuntia echinocarpa | 2–4 | – | ||
| devil cholla | GREM | Grusonia emoryi | 1–4 | – | ||
| beavertail pricklypear | OPBA2 | Opuntia basilaris | 1–3 | – | ||
| Christmas cactus | CYLE8 | Cylindropuntia leptocaulis | 1–3 | – | ||
| saguaro | CAGI10 | Carnegiea gigantea | 1–3 | – | ||
| buckhorn cholla | CYACA2 | Cylindropuntia acanthocarpa var. acanthocarpa | 1–3 | – | ||
| Arizona pencil cholla | CYAR14 | Cylindropuntia arbuscula | 1–2 | – | ||
| nightblooming cereus | PEGRG | Peniocereus greggii var. greggii | 1–2 | – | ||
| Graham's nipple cactus | MAGR9 | Mammillaria grahamii | 1–2 | – | ||
| Engelmann's hedgehog cactus | ECEN | Echinocereus engelmannii | 1–2 | – | ||
| Johnson's fishhook cactus | ECJO3 | Echinomastus johnsonii | 1–2 | – | ||
| candy barrelcactus | FEWI | Ferocactus wislizeni | 1–2 | – | ||
|
Tree
|
||||||
| 9 | Trees | 6–17 | ||||
| blue paloverde | PAFL6 | Parkinsonia florida | 6–11 | – | ||
| yellow paloverde | PAMI5 | Parkinsonia microphylla | 6–11 | – | ||
Interpretations
Animal community
This site is usable for all classes of livestock. In areas where the site is not associated with sandy bottoms, summertime use by any livestock is not practical, due to lack of shady travel routes. The site produces year-round browse and grass for livestock. Water developments and fencing may be needed to permit grazing control.
Natural waters do not exist on the site. Water developments are very important to all wildlife species on the site. The sandy surfaces make this site home to a variety of burrowing birds, mammals and reptiles.
Recreational uses
This site is located on large, nearly-level fan terraces. It has an abundance of wildflowers following both good winter and summer rainy seasons. The mixture of grasses, trees and shrubs enhances the aesthetics of these areas. Very few days in the fall, winter, or spring are too uncomfortable to enjoy outdoor activities. Jun-Aug afternoons, however, restrict activity. Horsebakc riding, wildlife observation, hunting, hiking, photography, camping and picnicking are activities suited to this site.
Supporting information
Type locality
| Location 1: Maricopa County, AZ | |
|---|---|
| Township/Range/Section | T7N R19W S36 |
| General legal description | La Posa Plain, Nine Mile Ranch |
| Location 2: Maricopa County, AZ | |
| Township/Range/Section | T8N R17W S34 |
| General legal description | La Posa Plain, Nine Mile Ranch |
Contributors
Larry D. Ellicott
Steve Barker
Unknown
Rangeland health reference sheet
Interpreting Indicators of Rangeland Health is a qualitative assessment protocol used to determine ecosystem condition based on benchmark characteristics described in the Reference Sheet. A suite of 17 (or more) indicators are typically considered in an assessment. The ecological site(s) representative of an assessment location must be known prior to applying the protocol and must be verified based on soils and climate. Current plant community cannot be used to identify the ecological site.
| Author(s)/participant(s) | |
|---|---|
| Contact for lead author | |
| Date | |
| Approved by | |
| Approval date | |
| Composition (Indicators 10 and 12) based on | Annual Production |
Indicators
-
Number and extent of rills:
-
Presence of water flow patterns:
-
Number and height of erosional pedestals or terracettes:
-
Bare ground from Ecological Site Description or other studies (rock, litter, lichen, moss, plant canopy are not bare ground):
-
Number of gullies and erosion associated with gullies:
-
Extent of wind scoured, blowouts and/or depositional areas:
-
Amount of litter movement (describe size and distance expected to travel):
-
Soil surface (top few mm) resistance to erosion (stability values are averages - most sites will show a range of values):
-
Soil surface structure and SOM content (include type of structure and A-horizon color and thickness):
-
Effect of community phase composition (relative proportion of different functional groups) and spatial distribution on infiltration and runoff:
-
Presence and thickness of compaction layer (usually none; describe soil profile features which may be mistaken for compaction on this site):
-
Functional/Structural Groups (list in order of descending dominance by above-ground annual-production or live foliar cover using symbols: >>, >, = to indicate much greater than, greater than, and equal to):
Dominant:
Sub-dominant:
Other:
Additional:
-
Amount of plant mortality and decadence (include which functional groups are expected to show mortality or decadence):
-
Average percent litter cover (%) and depth ( in):
-
Expected annual annual-production (this is TOTAL above-ground annual-production, not just forage annual-production):
-
Potential invasive (including noxious) species (native and non-native). List species which BOTH characterize degraded states and have the potential to become a dominant or co-dominant species on the ecological site if their future establishment and growth is not actively controlled by management interventions. Species that become dominant for only one to several years (e.g., short-term response to drought or wildfire) are not invasive plants. Note that unlike other indicators, we are describing what is NOT expected in the reference state for the ecological site:
-
Perennial plant reproductive capability:
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