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Natural Resources
Conservation Service
Ecological site R041XA111AZ
Volcanic Hills 16-20" p.z.
Last updated: 4/09/2021
Accessed: 08/17/2024
General information
Provisional. A provisional ecological site description has undergone quality control and quality assurance review. It contains a working state and transition model and enough information to identify the ecological site.
![Location map](/images/maps/R041XA111AZ.png)
Figure 1. Mapped extent
Areas shown in blue indicate the maximum mapped extent of this ecological site. Other ecological sites likely occur within the highlighted areas. It is also possible for this ecological site to occur outside of highlighted areas if detailed soil survey has not been completed or recently updated.
MLRA notes
Major Land Resource Area (MLRA): 041X–Madrean Archipelago
AZ 41.1 – Mexican Oak-Pine Forest and Oak Savannah
Elevations range from 4500 to 10,700 feet and precipitation ranges from 16 to 30 inches. Vegetation includes Emory oak, Mexican blue oak, Arizona white oak, one-seed juniper, alligator juniper, sacahuista, California bricklebush, skunkbush sumac, Arizona rosewood, wait-a-bit mimosa, sideoats grama, blue grama, purple grama, wooly bunchgrass, plains lovegrass, squirreltail, and pinyon ricegrass. The soil temperature regime ranges from thermic to mesic and the soil moisture regime ranges from aridic ustic to typic ustic. This unit occurs within the Basin and Range Physiographic Province and is characterized by numerous mountain ranges that rise abruptly from broad, plain-like valleys and basins. Igneous and metamorphic rock classes dominate the mountain ranges and sediments filling the basins represent combinations of fluvial, lacustrine, colluvial and alluvial deposits.
Associated sites
F041XA112AZ |
Sandy Wash 16-20" p.z. woodland |
---|---|
F041XA113AZ |
Sandy Bottom 16-20" p.z. woodland |
F041XA123AZ |
Volcanic Hills 20-23" p.z. (QUEM, JUDE2, QUAR) |
R041XA102AZ |
Shallow Hills 16-20" p.z. |
R041XA109AZ |
Clay Loam Upland 16-20" p.z. |
Similar sites
F041XA123AZ |
Volcanic Hills 20-23" p.z. (QUEM, JUDE2, QUAR) |
---|---|
R041XC330AZ |
Volcanic Hills 12-16" p.z. Clayey |
Table 1. Dominant plant species
Tree |
(1) quercus emoryi |
---|---|
Shrub |
(1) eriogonum wrightii |
Herbaceous |
(1) bouteloua curtipendula |
Physiographic features
This site occurs in the middle elevations of the Madrean Basin and Range province in southeastern Arizona. It is on hill-slopes and ridge-tops. Slope aspect is site differentiating at elevations near common resource area boundaries.
Table 2. Representative physiographic features
Landforms |
(1)
Hill
(2) Ridge (3) Saddle |
---|---|
Flooding frequency | None |
Elevation | 1,372 – 1,768 m |
Slope | 15 – 65% |
Aspect | N, E, S |
Climatic features
Precipitation in this zone of the common resource area ranges from 16-20 inches per year with elevations from 4700-5500 feet. Approximately 40% of this moisture comes as gentle rain or snow during the winter-spring (Oct-Apr) season; originates in the north Pacific and Gulf of California and comes as frontal storms with long duration and low intensity. The remaining 60% falls in the summer season (May-Sep); originates in the Gulf of Mexico and are convective, usually brief, intense thunderstorms. Snow is common Dec-Mar, averaging 5-15 inches per year, but rarely lasts more than a week. May and June are the driest months. Humidity is low.
Temperatures are mild. Freezing temperatures are common at night from Oct-May, but daytime temperatures are almost always over 40 F. Below 0 F temperatures can occur Dec-Feb. Daytime summer highs rarely exceed 95 F.
Species like plains lovegrass, prairie junegrass, whiteball acacia, shrubby buckwheat and Emory oak begin growth in late March to April. Warm season grasses begin growth in July or August with receipt of the first summer rains.
Table 3. Representative climatic features
Frost-free period (average) | 200 days |
---|---|
Freeze-free period (average) | |
Precipitation total (average) | 508 mm |
Figure 2. Monthly precipitation range
Figure 3. Monthly average minimum and maximum temperature
Influencing water features
There are no water features associated with this site.
Soil features
These are shallow soils formed on basic and intermediate igneous rocks like basalt and andesite and on shale and clay-stones. Bedrock is hard and unweathered. Soil surface textures range from very cobbly clayloam to gravelly loam. Soils are fine loamy to clayey textured. They have well developed covers of rocks, cobbles and/or gravels. They are dark colored throughout. Plant-soil moisture relationships are fair to good. Numerous areas of rock outcrop occur intermingled with soil areas.
Soils mapped on this site include: SSA-661 Eastern Pinal and Southern Gila counties MU 22 Collarbutton; SSA-666 Cochise county Northwestern part MU's 23 Cherrycow, 53 Kuykendall and Cherrycow, 58 Magoffin and Budlamp; SSA-667 Santa Cruz and parts of Cochise and Pima counties MU Fad Luzena; SSA-671 Cochise county Douglas-Tombstone part MU's 43 Castledome & 95 Kuykendal; SSA-673 Graham County, Arizona, Southwestern part MU 2 Beaumain and Cherrycow.
Table 4. Representative soil features
Parent material |
(1)
Alluvium
–
tuff
(2) Colluvium – basalt |
---|---|
Surface texture |
(1) Gravelly clay loam (2) Very cobbly loam (3) Cobbly clay loam |
Family particle size |
(1) Clayey |
Drainage class | Well drained |
Permeability class | Slow to very slow |
Soil depth | 25 – 51 cm |
Surface fragment cover <=3" | 15 – 60% |
Surface fragment cover >3" | 3 – 15% |
Available water capacity (0-101.6cm) |
2.54 – 8.13 cm |
Calcium carbonate equivalent (0-101.6cm) |
0 – 5% |
Electrical conductivity (0-101.6cm) |
0 – 2 mmhos/cm |
Sodium adsorption ratio (0-101.6cm) |
0 – 2 |
Soil reaction (1:1 water) (0-101.6cm) |
6.1 – 7.8 |
Subsurface fragment volume <=3" (Depth not specified) |
5 – 45% |
Subsurface fragment volume >3" (Depth not specified) |
1 – 8% |
Ecological dynamics
The plant communities found on an ecological site are naturally variable. Composition and production will vary with yearly conditions, location, aspect, and the natural variability of the soils. The Historical Climax Plant Community represents the natural potential plant communities found on relict or relatively undisturbed sites. Other plant communities described here represent plant communities that are known to occur when the site is disturbed by factors such as fire, grazing, or drought.
Production data provided in this site description is standardized to air dry weight at the end of the summer growing season. The plant communities described in this site description are based on near normal rainfall years.
NRCS uses a Similarity Index to compare existing plant communities to the plant communities described here. Similarity index is determined by comparing the production and composition of a plant community to the production and composition of a plant community described in this site description. To determine Similarity index, compare the production (air dry weight) of each species to that shown in the plant community description. For each species, count no more than the maximum amount shown for the species, and for each group, count no more than the maximum amount shown for each group. Divide the resulting total by the total normal year production shown in the plant community description. If the rainfall has been significantly above or below normal, use the total production shown for above or below normal years. If field data is not collected at the end of the summer growing season, then the field data must be corrected to the end of the year production before comparing it to the site description. The growth curve can be used as a guide for estimating production at the end of the summer growing season.
State and transition model
![Model diagram](/uploads/med/es/es/13456.jpg)
Figure 4. 41-1 Volcanic Hills STM diagram
More interactive model formats are also available.
View Interactive Models
More interactive model formats are also available.
View Interactive Models
Click on state and transition labels to scroll to the respective text
Ecosystem states
State 1 submodel, plant communities
State 2 submodel, plant communities
State 3 submodel, plant communities
State 4 submodel, plant communities
State 1
Reference
Community 1.1
Savannah (HCPC)
![](https://edit.jornada.nmsu.edu/uploads/med/es/pc/1195.jpg)
Figure 5. Volcanic Hills 16-20" pz., Savannah (HCPC)
The historic native state includes the native plant communities that occur on the site, including the historic climax plant community. This state includes other plant communities that naturally occupy the site following fire, drought, flooding, herbivores, and other natural disturbances. The historic climax plant community represents the natural climax community that eventually reoccupies the site with proper management. The potential plant community on this site is a diverse mixture of warm and cool season perennial grasses, ferns, forbs, succulents, shrubs and trees. A tree canopy of Mexican live-oak species and juniper ranges from 5-15% and lends the site a savannah appearance. Most perennial herbaceous species are well dispersed throughout the plant community. A few species occur only under tree canopies. Other species like herbaceous sage and amole occur in patches of various sizes on this site. With continuous grazing, mid-grasses decline and are replaced by a continuous turf of species like blue grama, purple grama and curly mesquite. Naturally occurring wildfires in June-August were an important factor shaping this plant community. Fire-free intervals ranged from 10-20 years. In the absence of fire and/or with continuous grazing, species like amole, mimosa, mesquite, prickly pear and one-seed juniper can increase. Oak species on the site are very tolerant of fire. Stones, cobbles and gravels protect the soil from erosion after fire or heavy grazing use. Trees range from 5-50 stems per acre. Periodic drought can occur in this MLRA and can cause significant grass mortality. Significant drought has occurred in the past in the 30s, mid 50s, 1975-76, 1988-89, 1995-96 and 2002. Grasshopper infestations can cause considerable grass mortality, especially in drought years. Bare areas can be taken over by annuals like goldeneye, red brome, little barley and bitterweed, in years with wet winters following drought, or in grasshopper out-break years.
Figure 6. Annual production by plant type (representative values) or group (midpoint values)
Table 5. Annual production by plant type
Plant type | Low (kg/hectare) |
Representative value (kg/hectare) |
High (kg/hectare) |
---|---|---|---|
Grass/Grasslike | 504 | 1121 | 1311 |
Shrub/Vine | 15 | 112 | 291 |
Tree | 56 | 168 | 280 |
Forb | 12 | 56 | 179 |
Total | 587 | 1457 | 2061 |
Table 6. Soil surface cover
Tree basal cover | 0-1% |
---|---|
Shrub/vine/liana basal cover | 0-2% |
Grass/grasslike basal cover | 8-15% |
Forb basal cover | 0-1% |
Non-vascular plants | 0-1% |
Biological crusts | 0-1% |
Litter | 25-70% |
Surface fragments >0.25" and <=3" | 15-50% |
Surface fragments >3" | 3-15% |
Bedrock | 0-5% |
Water | 0% |
Bare ground | 5-20% |
Table 7. Canopy structure (% cover)
Height Above Ground (m) | Tree | Shrub/Vine | Grass/ Grasslike |
Forb |
---|---|---|---|---|
<0.15 | – | 0-5% | 1-10% | 0-5% |
>0.15 <= 0.3 | – | 0-5% | 5-15% | 1-15% |
>0.3 <= 0.6 | – | 1-5% | 10-30% | 1-5% |
>0.6 <= 1.4 | – | 1-5% | 1-10% | 0-5% |
>1.4 <= 4 | 0-3% | 0-5% | – | – |
>4 <= 12 | 5-15% | – | – | – |
>12 <= 24 | – | – | – | – |
>24 <= 37 | – | – | – | – |
>37 | – | – | – | – |
Figure 7. Plant community growth curve (percent production by month). AZ4111, 41.1 16-30. Growth begins in the spring, semi-dormancy occurs during the June drought, most growth occurs during the summer rainy season..
Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
J | F | M | A | M | J | J | A | S | O | N | D |
0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 10 | 0 | 15 | 45 | 20 | 5 | 0 | 0 |
Community 1.2
Shrubs, Succulents & Grass
Shrubs and succulents dominate the plant community with lesser amounts of perennial grass canopies. With the return of favorable climate and fire the site returns to a savannah aspect.
Pathway 1.1a
Community 1.1 to 1.2
Extended periods with no disturbance (fire or grazing) allow the build-up of perennial grass biomass that result in plant decadence while shrubs and succulents flourish. Periodic drought also causes significant grass mortality.
Conservation practices
Bedding | |
---|---|
Alley Cropping | |
Waste Storage Facility | |
Brush Management | |
Animal Mortality Facility | |
Composting Facility | |
Irrigation Canal or Lateral | |
Deep Tillage | |
Clearing and Snagging | |
Conservation Cover | |
Conservation Crop Rotation | |
Contour Farming | |
Contour Orchard and Other Perennial Crops | |
Contour Buffer Strips | |
Prescribed Burning | |
Cover Crop | |
Critical Area Planting | |
Residue Management, Seasonal | |
Dam, Diversion | |
Sediment Basin | |
Water Well Decommissioning | |
Dike | |
Waste Treatment Lagoon | |
Waste Facility Closure | |
Diversion | |
Pond | |
Windbreak/Shelterbelt Establishment | |
Fence | |
Field Border | |
Irrigation Field Ditch | |
Riparian Herbaceous Cover | |
Riparian Forest Buffer | |
Filter Strip | |
Firebreak | |
Stream Habitat Improvement and Management | |
Aquatic Organism Passage | |
Aquaculture Ponds | |
Fish Raceway or Tank | |
Fishpond Management | |
Dam | |
Grade Stabilization Structure | |
Grassed Waterway | |
Hedgerow Planting | |
Hillside Ditch | |
Dry Hydrant | |
Irrigation Reservoir | |
Irrigation System, Microirrigation | |
Sprinkler System | |
Irrigation System, Surface and Subsurface | |
Irrigation System, Tailwater Recovery | |
Irrigation Water Management | |
Anionic Polyacrylamide (PAM) Application | |
Land Reclamation, Landslide Treatment | |
Land Reclamation, Toxic Discharge Control | |
Mine Shaft and Adit Closing | |
Land Clearing | |
Precision Land Forming | |
Irrigation Land Leveling | |
Land Smoothing | |
Lined Waterway or Outlet | |
Access Control | |
Mole Drain | |
Mulching | |
Tree/Shrub Site Preparation | |
Obstruction Removal | |
Forage Harvest Management | |
Forage and Biomass Planting | |
Livestock Pipeline | |
Pond Sealing or Lining, Flexible Membrane | |
Pond Sealing or Lining, Soil Dispersant | |
Pond Sealing or Lining, Bentonite Sealant | |
Pumping Plant | |
Land Reclamation, Abandoned Mined Land | |
Land Reclamation, Currently Mined Land | |
Grazing Land Mechanical Treatment | |
Range Planting | |
Drainage Water Management | |
Rock Barrier | |
Row Arrangement | |
Roof Runoff Structure | |
Access Road | |
Heavy Use Area Protection | |
Recreation Area Improvement | |
Recreation Land Grading and Shaping | |
Trails and Walkways | |
Stormwater Runoff Control | |
Spoil Spreading | |
Spring Development | |
Animal Trails and Walkways | |
Streambank and Shoreline Protection | |
Open Channel | |
Channel Bed Stabilization | |
Stripcropping | |
Structure for Water Control | |
Cross Wind Trap Strips | |
Nutrient Management | |
Feed Management | |
Integrated Pest Management (IPM) | |
Terrace | |
Vegetative Barrier | |
Herbaceous Wind Barriers | |
Subsurface Drain | |
Surface Drain, Field Ditch | |
Surface Drain, Main or Lateral | |
Surface Roughening | |
Tree/Shrub Establishment | |
Watering Facility | |
Underground Outlet | |
Vertical Drain | |
Waste Recycling | |
Waste Transfer | |
Vegetated Treatment Area | |
Water Harvesting Catchment | |
Water and Sediment Control Basin | |
Waterspreading | |
Water Well | |
Restoration and Management of Rare and Declining Habitats | |
Wetland Wildlife Habitat Management | |
Upland Wildlife Habitat Management | |
Shallow Water Development and Management | |
Early Successional Habitat Development/Management | |
Windbreak/Shelterbelt Renovation | |
Forest Trails and Landings | |
Constructed Wetland | |
Wetland Restoration | |
Wetland Creation | |
Wetland Enhancement | |
Tree/Shrub Pruning | |
Forest Stand Improvement | |
Monitoring Well | |
Anaerobic Digestor | |
Roofs and Covers | |
Barnyard Runoff Management | |
Cistern | |
Controlled Livestock Lounging Area | |
Floodproofing | |
Livestock Shade Structure | |
Snow Harvesting | |
Controlled Stream access for Livestock Watering | |
Grass Buffer Strip | |
Record Keeping | |
Waste Field Storage Area | |
Infiltration Ditches | |
Well Plugging | |
Livestock Use Area Protection | |
Rinsate Management | |
Silage Leachate Collection and Transfer | |
Restoration and Management of Natural Ecosystems | |
Native Plant Community Restoration and Management | |
Vegetated Sinkhole Buffer | |
Livestock Cooling Pond | |
Pathogen Management | |
Waste Water & Feedlot Runoff Control | |
Irrigation Water Conveyance-modular Polyethylene Ditch & Canal Lining | |
Grade Stabilization Structure-Tire Bales | |
Irrigation Water Conveyance, Corrugated, Ribbed or Profile wall thermal pipeline | |
Prescribed Grazing | |
Stream Crossing | |
TA Planning | |
TA Design | |
TA Application | |
TA Check-Out | |
Existing Practice Payment | |
Stewardship Payment | |
Fuel Break | |
Amendments for the Treatment of Agricultural Waste | |
Reduced Water and Energy Coffee Conveyance System | |
Irrigation Water Conveyance, On-Ground Aluminum Pipleline | |
Pond Sealing or Lining, Compacted Clay Treatment | |
Silvopasture Establishment | |
Well Water Testing | |
Shellfish Aquaculture Management | |
Crop By-Product Transfer | |
Woody Residue Treatment | |
Waste Separation Facility | |
Waste Treatment | |
Salinity and Sodic Soil Management | |
Irrigation Water Conveyance, Corrugated Metal Pipeline | |
Invasive Plant Species Control | |
Pond Sealing and Lining, Soil Cement | |
Irrigation Water Conveyance, Anionic Polyacrylamide Ditch and Canal Treatment | |
Residue and Tillage Management, No-Till/Strip Till/Direct Seed | |
Residue and Tillage Management, Mulch Till | |
Residue and Tillage Management, Ridge Till | |
Multi-Story Cropping | |
Renewable Energy System | |
Individual Terrace | |
Engine Replacement | |
Dust Control on Unpaved Roads and Surfaces | |
Karst Sinkhole Treatment | |
Bioretention Basin | |
Agrichemical Handling Facility | |
Cross Wind Ridges | |
Road/Trail/Landing Closure and Treatment | |
Fish and Wildlife Structure | |
Comprehensive Nutrient Management Plan - Written | |
Comprehensive Nutrient Management Plan - Applied | |
Forest Management Plan - Written | |
Forest Management Plan - Applied | |
Grazing Management Plan - Written | |
Grazing Management Plan - Applied | |
Integrated Pest Management Plan - Written | |
Integrated Pest Management Plan - Applied | |
Irrigation Water Management Plan - Written | |
Irrigation Water Management Plan - Applied | |
Agricultural Energy Management Plan, Headquarters - Written | |
Agricultural Energy Management Plan, Headquarters - Applied | |
Comprehensive Air Quality Management Plan - Written | |
Comprehensive Air Quality Management Plan - Applied | |
Drainage Water Management Plan - Written | |
Drainage Water Management Plan - Applied | |
Conservation Plan Supporting Transition from Irrigation to Dry-land Plan - Written | |
Transition from Irrigation to Dry-land Plan - Applied | |
Conservation Plan Supporting Organic Transition - Written | |
Conservation Plan Supporting Organic Transition - Applied | |
Fish and Wildlife Habitat Plan - Written | |
Fish and Wildlife Habitat Plan - Applied | |
Pollinator Habitat Plan - Written | |
Pollinator Habitat Plan - Applied | |
Denitrifying Bioreactor | |
Orchard and Vinyard Air Quality Management | |
Irrigation Ditch Lining | |
Irrigation Pipeline | |
Seasonal High Tunnel System for Crops | |
Agricultural Secondary Containment Facility | |
Fueling Facility, Above Ground Storage | |
Controlled Traffic Farming | |
Waste Gassification Facility | |
VEGETATED SUBSURFACE DRAIN OUTLET | |
Field Operations Emissions Reduction | |
Structure Sediment Removal | |
Livestock Confinement Facility | |
Milking Center Wastewater Treatment | |
Monitoring and Evaluation | |
ORGANIC SORBENTS FOR THE REMEDIATION OF OIL-CONTAMINATED SOILS | |
Air Filtration and Scrubbing | |
Combustion System Improvement | |
Dust Control on Unpaved Roads and Surfaces | |
Herbaceous Weed Control | |
DUST CONTROL FROM ANIMAL ACTIVITY ON OPEN LOT SURFACES | |
FARMSTEAD ENERGY IMPROVEMENT | |
Nutrient Management Plan - Written | |
Nutrient Management Plan - Applied | |
Agricultural Energy Management Plan, Landscape - Written | |
Agricultural Energy Management Plan, Landscape - Applied | |
Spill Prevention, Control and Countermeasure (SPCC) Plan - Written | |
Spill Prevention, Control and Countermeasure (SPCC) Plan - Applied | |
IPM Herbicide Resistance Weed Conservation Plan - Written | |
IPM Herbicide Resistance Weed Conservation Plan - Applied | |
Bivalve Aquaculture Gear and Biofouling Control |
Pathway 1.2a
Community 1.2 to 1.1
With managed grazing, favorable climate and fire this site recovers moderately well in 2 to 3 years.
Conservation practices
Bedding | |
---|---|
Alley Cropping | |
Waste Storage Facility | |
Brush Management | |
Animal Mortality Facility | |
Composting Facility | |
Irrigation Canal or Lateral | |
Deep Tillage | |
Clearing and Snagging | |
Conservation Cover | |
Conservation Crop Rotation | |
Contour Farming | |
Contour Orchard and Other Perennial Crops | |
Contour Buffer Strips | |
Prescribed Burning | |
Cover Crop | |
Critical Area Planting | |
Residue Management, Seasonal | |
Dam, Diversion | |
Sediment Basin | |
Water Well Decommissioning | |
Dike | |
Waste Treatment Lagoon | |
Waste Facility Closure | |
Diversion | |
Pond | |
Windbreak/Shelterbelt Establishment | |
Fence | |
Field Border | |
Irrigation Field Ditch | |
Riparian Herbaceous Cover | |
Riparian Forest Buffer | |
Filter Strip | |
Firebreak | |
Stream Habitat Improvement and Management | |
Aquatic Organism Passage | |
Aquaculture Ponds | |
Fish Raceway or Tank | |
Fishpond Management | |
Dam | |
Grade Stabilization Structure | |
Grassed Waterway | |
Hedgerow Planting | |
Hillside Ditch | |
Dry Hydrant | |
Irrigation Reservoir | |
Irrigation System, Microirrigation | |
Sprinkler System | |
Irrigation System, Surface and Subsurface | |
Irrigation System, Tailwater Recovery | |
Irrigation Water Management | |
Anionic Polyacrylamide (PAM) Application | |
Land Reclamation, Landslide Treatment | |
Land Reclamation, Toxic Discharge Control | |
Mine Shaft and Adit Closing | |
Land Clearing | |
Precision Land Forming | |
Irrigation Land Leveling | |
Land Smoothing | |
Lined Waterway or Outlet | |
Access Control | |
Mole Drain | |
Mulching | |
Tree/Shrub Site Preparation | |
Obstruction Removal | |
Forage Harvest Management | |
Forage and Biomass Planting | |
Livestock Pipeline | |
Pond Sealing or Lining, Flexible Membrane | |
Pond Sealing or Lining, Soil Dispersant | |
Pond Sealing or Lining, Bentonite Sealant | |
Pumping Plant | |
Land Reclamation, Abandoned Mined Land | |
Land Reclamation, Currently Mined Land | |
Grazing Land Mechanical Treatment | |
Range Planting | |
Drainage Water Management | |
Rock Barrier | |
Row Arrangement | |
Roof Runoff Structure | |
Access Road | |
Heavy Use Area Protection | |
Recreation Area Improvement | |
Recreation Land Grading and Shaping | |
Trails and Walkways | |
Stormwater Runoff Control | |
Spoil Spreading | |
Spring Development | |
Animal Trails and Walkways | |
Streambank and Shoreline Protection | |
Open Channel | |
Channel Bed Stabilization | |
Stripcropping | |
Structure for Water Control | |
Cross Wind Trap Strips | |
Nutrient Management | |
Feed Management | |
Integrated Pest Management (IPM) | |
Terrace | |
Vegetative Barrier | |
Herbaceous Wind Barriers | |
Subsurface Drain | |
Surface Drain, Field Ditch | |
Surface Drain, Main or Lateral | |
Surface Roughening | |
Tree/Shrub Establishment | |
Watering Facility | |
Underground Outlet | |
Vertical Drain | |
Waste Recycling | |
Waste Transfer | |
Vegetated Treatment Area | |
Water Harvesting Catchment | |
Water and Sediment Control Basin | |
Waterspreading | |
Water Well | |
Restoration and Management of Rare and Declining Habitats | |
Wetland Wildlife Habitat Management | |
Upland Wildlife Habitat Management | |
Shallow Water Development and Management | |
Early Successional Habitat Development/Management | |
Windbreak/Shelterbelt Renovation | |
Forest Trails and Landings | |
Constructed Wetland | |
Wetland Restoration | |
Wetland Creation | |
Wetland Enhancement | |
Tree/Shrub Pruning | |
Forest Stand Improvement | |
Monitoring Well | |
Anaerobic Digestor | |
Roofs and Covers | |
Barnyard Runoff Management | |
Cistern | |
Controlled Livestock Lounging Area | |
Floodproofing | |
Livestock Shade Structure | |
Snow Harvesting | |
Controlled Stream access for Livestock Watering | |
Grass Buffer Strip | |
Record Keeping | |
Waste Field Storage Area | |
Infiltration Ditches | |
Well Plugging | |
Livestock Use Area Protection | |
Rinsate Management | |
Silage Leachate Collection and Transfer | |
Restoration and Management of Natural Ecosystems | |
Native Plant Community Restoration and Management | |
Vegetated Sinkhole Buffer | |
Livestock Cooling Pond | |
Pathogen Management | |
Waste Water & Feedlot Runoff Control | |
Irrigation Water Conveyance-modular Polyethylene Ditch & Canal Lining | |
Grade Stabilization Structure-Tire Bales | |
Irrigation Water Conveyance, Corrugated, Ribbed or Profile wall thermal pipeline | |
Prescribed Grazing | |
Stream Crossing | |
TA Planning | |
TA Design | |
TA Application | |
TA Check-Out | |
Existing Practice Payment | |
Stewardship Payment | |
Fuel Break | |
Amendments for the Treatment of Agricultural Waste | |
Reduced Water and Energy Coffee Conveyance System | |
Irrigation Water Conveyance, On-Ground Aluminum Pipleline | |
Pond Sealing or Lining, Compacted Clay Treatment | |
Silvopasture Establishment | |
Well Water Testing | |
Shellfish Aquaculture Management | |
Crop By-Product Transfer | |
Woody Residue Treatment | |
Waste Separation Facility | |
Waste Treatment | |
Salinity and Sodic Soil Management | |
Irrigation Water Conveyance, Corrugated Metal Pipeline | |
Invasive Plant Species Control | |
Pond Sealing and Lining, Soil Cement | |
Irrigation Water Conveyance, Anionic Polyacrylamide Ditch and Canal Treatment | |
Residue and Tillage Management, No-Till/Strip Till/Direct Seed | |
Residue and Tillage Management, Mulch Till | |
Residue and Tillage Management, Ridge Till | |
Multi-Story Cropping | |
Renewable Energy System | |
Individual Terrace | |
Engine Replacement | |
Dust Control on Unpaved Roads and Surfaces | |
Karst Sinkhole Treatment | |
Bioretention Basin | |
Agrichemical Handling Facility | |
Cross Wind Ridges | |
Road/Trail/Landing Closure and Treatment | |
Fish and Wildlife Structure | |
Comprehensive Nutrient Management Plan - Written | |
Comprehensive Nutrient Management Plan - Applied | |
Forest Management Plan - Written | |
Forest Management Plan - Applied | |
Grazing Management Plan - Written | |
Grazing Management Plan - Applied | |
Integrated Pest Management Plan - Written | |
Integrated Pest Management Plan - Applied | |
Irrigation Water Management Plan - Written | |
Irrigation Water Management Plan - Applied | |
Agricultural Energy Management Plan, Headquarters - Written | |
Agricultural Energy Management Plan, Headquarters - Applied | |
Comprehensive Air Quality Management Plan - Written | |
Comprehensive Air Quality Management Plan - Applied | |
Drainage Water Management Plan - Written | |
Drainage Water Management Plan - Applied | |
Conservation Plan Supporting Transition from Irrigation to Dry-land Plan - Written | |
Transition from Irrigation to Dry-land Plan - Applied | |
Conservation Plan Supporting Organic Transition - Written | |
Conservation Plan Supporting Organic Transition - Applied | |
Fish and Wildlife Habitat Plan - Written | |
Fish and Wildlife Habitat Plan - Applied | |
Pollinator Habitat Plan - Written | |
Pollinator Habitat Plan - Applied | |
Denitrifying Bioreactor | |
Orchard and Vinyard Air Quality Management | |
Irrigation Ditch Lining | |
Irrigation Pipeline | |
Seasonal High Tunnel System for Crops | |
Agricultural Secondary Containment Facility | |
Fueling Facility, Above Ground Storage | |
Controlled Traffic Farming | |
Waste Gassification Facility | |
VEGETATED SUBSURFACE DRAIN OUTLET | |
Field Operations Emissions Reduction | |
Structure Sediment Removal | |
Livestock Confinement Facility | |
Milking Center Wastewater Treatment | |
Monitoring and Evaluation | |
ORGANIC SORBENTS FOR THE REMEDIATION OF OIL-CONTAMINATED SOILS | |
Air Filtration and Scrubbing | |
Combustion System Improvement | |
Dust Control on Unpaved Roads and Surfaces | |
Herbaceous Weed Control | |
DUST CONTROL FROM ANIMAL ACTIVITY ON OPEN LOT SURFACES | |
FARMSTEAD ENERGY IMPROVEMENT | |
Nutrient Management Plan - Written | |
Nutrient Management Plan - Applied | |
Agricultural Energy Management Plan, Landscape - Written | |
Agricultural Energy Management Plan, Landscape - Applied | |
Spill Prevention, Control and Countermeasure (SPCC) Plan - Written | |
Spill Prevention, Control and Countermeasure (SPCC) Plan - Applied | |
IPM Herbicide Resistance Weed Conservation Plan - Written | |
IPM Herbicide Resistance Weed Conservation Plan - Applied | |
Bivalve Aquaculture Gear and Biofouling Control |
State 2
Exotic grasses
Community 2.1
Exotic grassland
This state occurs where non-native grass species like Lehmann, Boer and weeping lovegrass, and yellow bluestem have invaded the plant community from adjacent areas with a seed source or from roads and trails running through the site. As these species increase to dominate the site native perennial grasses and forbs are reduced to minor amounts.
State 3
Shrub Invaded
Community 3.1
Mixed Shrubland
![](https://edit.jornada.nmsu.edu/uploads/med/es/pc/1196.jpg)
Figure 8. Volcanic Hills 16-20" pz., Mixed Shrubland w/ mimosa and juniper
This state occurs where shrubby species like mesquite, juniper, mimosa, whitethorn, ocotillo and prickly pear have invaded or increased to dominate the plant community in the absence of fire for long periods. Sufficient fine fuels still exist to carry fires, but shrubs are well established and re-sprout and quickly re-assume dominance.
State 4
Eroded
Community 4.1
Eroded Dense Shrubland
![](https://edit.jornada.nmsu.edu/uploads/med/es/pc/1197.jpg)
Figure 9. Volcanic Hills 16-20" pz., Eroded w/ annual goldeneye
This state occurs where sheet and rill erosion is accelerated due to severe trailing, soil compaction and lack of perennial grass cover. In some places it is due to poorly designed road and trail construction. As the soil surface is lost to erosion, clayey (argillic) horizons, and next, hard volcanic bedrock is exposed at the surface. This greatly alters surface hydrology (more, faster runoff) and reduces potential productivity of the site.
Transition T1A
State 1 to 2
Non-native bunchgrass seed is purposely planted or inadvertently introduced into the plant community (wind-blown or mechanical transport). Disturbances such as fire or drought can disrupt the native perennials allowing the non-native grasses an opportunity to expand their range from disturbed or planted areas. Long term events such as continuous unmanaged grazing or community phase pathway 1.1a allow non-native bunchgrasses a competitive advantage over natives.
Transition T1B
State 1 to 3
Continuous unmanaged grazing with heavy to severe utilization reduces perennial bunchgrasses. Fire continuity, intensity and frequency are reduced.
Restoration pathway R2A
State 2 to 1
No restoration pathway known at this time. Perhaps future development of herbicide or biological treatment to remove perennial exotics will occur.
Conservation practices
Bedding | |
---|---|
Alley Cropping | |
Waste Storage Facility | |
Brush Management | |
Animal Mortality Facility | |
Composting Facility | |
Irrigation Canal or Lateral | |
Deep Tillage | |
Clearing and Snagging | |
Conservation Cover | |
Conservation Crop Rotation | |
Contour Farming | |
Contour Orchard and Other Perennial Crops | |
Contour Buffer Strips | |
Prescribed Burning | |
Cover Crop | |
Critical Area Planting | |
Residue Management, Seasonal | |
Dam, Diversion | |
Sediment Basin | |
Water Well Decommissioning | |
Dike | |
Waste Treatment Lagoon | |
Waste Facility Closure | |
Diversion | |
Pond | |
Windbreak/Shelterbelt Establishment | |
Fence | |
Field Border | |
Irrigation Field Ditch | |
Riparian Herbaceous Cover | |
Riparian Forest Buffer | |
Filter Strip | |
Firebreak | |
Stream Habitat Improvement and Management | |
Aquatic Organism Passage | |
Aquaculture Ponds | |
Fish Raceway or Tank | |
Fishpond Management | |
Dam | |
Grade Stabilization Structure | |
Grassed Waterway | |
Hedgerow Planting | |
Hillside Ditch | |
Dry Hydrant | |
Irrigation Reservoir | |
Irrigation System, Microirrigation | |
Sprinkler System | |
Irrigation System, Surface and Subsurface | |
Irrigation System, Tailwater Recovery | |
Irrigation Water Management | |
Anionic Polyacrylamide (PAM) Application | |
Land Reclamation, Landslide Treatment | |
Land Reclamation, Toxic Discharge Control | |
Mine Shaft and Adit Closing | |
Land Clearing | |
Precision Land Forming | |
Irrigation Land Leveling | |
Land Smoothing | |
Lined Waterway or Outlet | |
Access Control | |
Mole Drain | |
Mulching | |
Tree/Shrub Site Preparation | |
Obstruction Removal | |
Forage Harvest Management | |
Forage and Biomass Planting | |
Livestock Pipeline | |
Pond Sealing or Lining, Flexible Membrane | |
Pond Sealing or Lining, Soil Dispersant | |
Pond Sealing or Lining, Bentonite Sealant | |
Pumping Plant | |
Land Reclamation, Abandoned Mined Land | |
Land Reclamation, Currently Mined Land | |
Grazing Land Mechanical Treatment | |
Range Planting | |
Drainage Water Management | |
Rock Barrier | |
Row Arrangement | |
Roof Runoff Structure | |
Access Road | |
Heavy Use Area Protection | |
Recreation Area Improvement | |
Recreation Land Grading and Shaping | |
Trails and Walkways | |
Stormwater Runoff Control | |
Spoil Spreading | |
Spring Development | |
Animal Trails and Walkways | |
Streambank and Shoreline Protection | |
Open Channel | |
Channel Bed Stabilization | |
Stripcropping | |
Structure for Water Control | |
Cross Wind Trap Strips | |
Nutrient Management | |
Feed Management | |
Integrated Pest Management (IPM) | |
Terrace | |
Vegetative Barrier | |
Herbaceous Wind Barriers | |
Subsurface Drain | |
Surface Drain, Field Ditch | |
Surface Drain, Main or Lateral | |
Surface Roughening | |
Tree/Shrub Establishment | |
Watering Facility | |
Underground Outlet | |
Vertical Drain | |
Waste Recycling | |
Waste Transfer | |
Vegetated Treatment Area | |
Water Harvesting Catchment | |
Water and Sediment Control Basin | |
Waterspreading | |
Water Well | |
Restoration and Management of Rare and Declining Habitats | |
Wetland Wildlife Habitat Management | |
Upland Wildlife Habitat Management | |
Shallow Water Development and Management | |
Early Successional Habitat Development/Management | |
Windbreak/Shelterbelt Renovation | |
Forest Trails and Landings | |
Constructed Wetland | |
Wetland Restoration | |
Wetland Creation | |
Wetland Enhancement | |
Tree/Shrub Pruning | |
Forest Stand Improvement | |
Monitoring Well | |
Anaerobic Digestor | |
Roofs and Covers | |
Barnyard Runoff Management | |
Cistern | |
Controlled Livestock Lounging Area | |
Floodproofing | |
Livestock Shade Structure | |
Snow Harvesting | |
Controlled Stream access for Livestock Watering | |
Grass Buffer Strip | |
Record Keeping | |
Waste Field Storage Area | |
Infiltration Ditches | |
Well Plugging | |
Livestock Use Area Protection | |
Rinsate Management | |
Silage Leachate Collection and Transfer | |
Restoration and Management of Natural Ecosystems | |
Native Plant Community Restoration and Management | |
Vegetated Sinkhole Buffer | |
Livestock Cooling Pond | |
Pathogen Management | |
Waste Water & Feedlot Runoff Control | |
Irrigation Water Conveyance-modular Polyethylene Ditch & Canal Lining | |
Grade Stabilization Structure-Tire Bales | |
Irrigation Water Conveyance, Corrugated, Ribbed or Profile wall thermal pipeline | |
Prescribed Grazing | |
Stream Crossing | |
TA Planning | |
TA Design | |
TA Application | |
TA Check-Out | |
Existing Practice Payment | |
Stewardship Payment | |
Fuel Break | |
Amendments for the Treatment of Agricultural Waste | |
Reduced Water and Energy Coffee Conveyance System | |
Irrigation Water Conveyance, On-Ground Aluminum Pipleline | |
Pond Sealing or Lining, Compacted Clay Treatment | |
Silvopasture Establishment | |
Well Water Testing | |
Shellfish Aquaculture Management | |
Crop By-Product Transfer | |
Woody Residue Treatment | |
Waste Separation Facility | |
Waste Treatment | |
Salinity and Sodic Soil Management | |
Irrigation Water Conveyance, Corrugated Metal Pipeline | |
Invasive Plant Species Control | |
Pond Sealing and Lining, Soil Cement | |
Irrigation Water Conveyance, Anionic Polyacrylamide Ditch and Canal Treatment | |
Residue and Tillage Management, No-Till/Strip Till/Direct Seed | |
Residue and Tillage Management, Mulch Till | |
Residue and Tillage Management, Ridge Till | |
Multi-Story Cropping | |
Renewable Energy System | |
Individual Terrace | |
Engine Replacement | |
Dust Control on Unpaved Roads and Surfaces | |
Karst Sinkhole Treatment | |
Bioretention Basin | |
Agrichemical Handling Facility | |
Cross Wind Ridges | |
Road/Trail/Landing Closure and Treatment | |
Fish and Wildlife Structure | |
Comprehensive Nutrient Management Plan - Written | |
Comprehensive Nutrient Management Plan - Applied | |
Forest Management Plan - Written | |
Forest Management Plan - Applied | |
Grazing Management Plan - Written | |
Grazing Management Plan - Applied | |
Integrated Pest Management Plan - Written | |
Integrated Pest Management Plan - Applied | |
Irrigation Water Management Plan - Written | |
Irrigation Water Management Plan - Applied | |
Agricultural Energy Management Plan, Headquarters - Written | |
Agricultural Energy Management Plan, Headquarters - Applied | |
Comprehensive Air Quality Management Plan - Written | |
Comprehensive Air Quality Management Plan - Applied | |
Drainage Water Management Plan - Written | |
Drainage Water Management Plan - Applied | |
Conservation Plan Supporting Transition from Irrigation to Dry-land Plan - Written | |
Transition from Irrigation to Dry-land Plan - Applied | |
Conservation Plan Supporting Organic Transition - Written | |
Conservation Plan Supporting Organic Transition - Applied | |
Fish and Wildlife Habitat Plan - Written | |
Fish and Wildlife Habitat Plan - Applied | |
Pollinator Habitat Plan - Written | |
Pollinator Habitat Plan - Applied | |
Denitrifying Bioreactor | |
Orchard and Vinyard Air Quality Management | |
Irrigation Ditch Lining | |
Irrigation Pipeline | |
Seasonal High Tunnel System for Crops | |
Agricultural Secondary Containment Facility | |
Fueling Facility, Above Ground Storage | |
Controlled Traffic Farming | |
Waste Gassification Facility | |
VEGETATED SUBSURFACE DRAIN OUTLET | |
Field Operations Emissions Reduction | |
Structure Sediment Removal | |
Livestock Confinement Facility | |
Milking Center Wastewater Treatment | |
Monitoring and Evaluation | |
ORGANIC SORBENTS FOR THE REMEDIATION OF OIL-CONTAMINATED SOILS | |
Air Filtration and Scrubbing | |
Combustion System Improvement | |
Dust Control on Unpaved Roads and Surfaces | |
Herbaceous Weed Control | |
DUST CONTROL FROM ANIMAL ACTIVITY ON OPEN LOT SURFACES | |
FARMSTEAD ENERGY IMPROVEMENT | |
Nutrient Management Plan - Written | |
Nutrient Management Plan - Applied | |
Agricultural Energy Management Plan, Landscape - Written | |
Agricultural Energy Management Plan, Landscape - Applied | |
Spill Prevention, Control and Countermeasure (SPCC) Plan - Written | |
Spill Prevention, Control and Countermeasure (SPCC) Plan - Applied | |
IPM Herbicide Resistance Weed Conservation Plan - Written | |
IPM Herbicide Resistance Weed Conservation Plan - Applied | |
Bivalve Aquaculture Gear and Biofouling Control |
Transition T2A
State 2 to 3
Continuous unmanaged grazing with heavy to severe utilization results in persistently low perennial grass cover and extended fire free periods. Remnant native perennial grasses cannot re-colonize areas with shrub competition.
Restoration pathway R3A
State 3 to 1
Woody species control, native species seeding (as needed) supported by managed grazing. Shrub control maintained with herbicide and/or prescribed burning.
Conservation practices
Bedding | |
---|---|
Alley Cropping | |
Waste Storage Facility | |
Brush Management | |
Animal Mortality Facility | |
Composting Facility | |
Irrigation Canal or Lateral | |
Deep Tillage | |
Clearing and Snagging | |
Conservation Cover | |
Conservation Crop Rotation | |
Contour Farming | |
Contour Orchard and Other Perennial Crops | |
Contour Buffer Strips | |
Prescribed Burning | |
Cover Crop | |
Critical Area Planting | |
Residue Management, Seasonal | |
Dam, Diversion | |
Sediment Basin | |
Water Well Decommissioning | |
Dike | |
Waste Treatment Lagoon | |
Waste Facility Closure | |
Diversion | |
Pond | |
Windbreak/Shelterbelt Establishment | |
Fence | |
Field Border | |
Irrigation Field Ditch | |
Riparian Herbaceous Cover | |
Riparian Forest Buffer | |
Filter Strip | |
Firebreak | |
Stream Habitat Improvement and Management | |
Aquatic Organism Passage | |
Aquaculture Ponds | |
Fish Raceway or Tank | |
Fishpond Management | |
Dam | |
Grade Stabilization Structure | |
Grassed Waterway | |
Hedgerow Planting | |
Hillside Ditch | |
Dry Hydrant | |
Irrigation Reservoir | |
Irrigation System, Microirrigation | |
Sprinkler System | |
Irrigation System, Surface and Subsurface | |
Irrigation System, Tailwater Recovery | |
Irrigation Water Management | |
Anionic Polyacrylamide (PAM) Application | |
Land Reclamation, Landslide Treatment | |
Land Reclamation, Toxic Discharge Control | |
Mine Shaft and Adit Closing | |
Land Clearing | |
Precision Land Forming | |
Irrigation Land Leveling | |
Land Smoothing | |
Lined Waterway or Outlet | |
Access Control | |
Mole Drain | |
Mulching | |
Tree/Shrub Site Preparation | |
Obstruction Removal | |
Forage Harvest Management | |
Forage and Biomass Planting | |
Livestock Pipeline | |
Pond Sealing or Lining, Flexible Membrane | |
Pond Sealing or Lining, Soil Dispersant | |
Pond Sealing or Lining, Bentonite Sealant | |
Pumping Plant | |
Land Reclamation, Abandoned Mined Land | |
Land Reclamation, Currently Mined Land | |
Grazing Land Mechanical Treatment | |
Range Planting | |
Drainage Water Management | |
Rock Barrier | |
Row Arrangement | |
Roof Runoff Structure | |
Access Road | |
Heavy Use Area Protection | |
Recreation Area Improvement | |
Recreation Land Grading and Shaping | |
Trails and Walkways | |
Stormwater Runoff Control | |
Spoil Spreading | |
Spring Development | |
Animal Trails and Walkways | |
Streambank and Shoreline Protection | |
Open Channel | |
Channel Bed Stabilization | |
Stripcropping | |
Structure for Water Control | |
Cross Wind Trap Strips | |
Nutrient Management | |
Feed Management | |
Integrated Pest Management (IPM) | |
Terrace | |
Vegetative Barrier | |
Herbaceous Wind Barriers | |
Subsurface Drain | |
Surface Drain, Field Ditch | |
Surface Drain, Main or Lateral | |
Surface Roughening | |
Tree/Shrub Establishment | |
Watering Facility | |
Underground Outlet | |
Vertical Drain | |
Waste Recycling | |
Waste Transfer | |
Vegetated Treatment Area | |
Water Harvesting Catchment | |
Water and Sediment Control Basin | |
Waterspreading | |
Water Well | |
Restoration and Management of Rare and Declining Habitats | |
Wetland Wildlife Habitat Management | |
Upland Wildlife Habitat Management | |
Shallow Water Development and Management | |
Early Successional Habitat Development/Management | |
Windbreak/Shelterbelt Renovation | |
Forest Trails and Landings | |
Constructed Wetland | |
Wetland Restoration | |
Wetland Creation | |
Wetland Enhancement | |
Tree/Shrub Pruning | |
Forest Stand Improvement | |
Monitoring Well | |
Anaerobic Digestor | |
Roofs and Covers | |
Barnyard Runoff Management | |
Cistern | |
Controlled Livestock Lounging Area | |
Floodproofing | |
Livestock Shade Structure | |
Snow Harvesting | |
Controlled Stream access for Livestock Watering | |
Grass Buffer Strip | |
Record Keeping | |
Waste Field Storage Area | |
Infiltration Ditches | |
Well Plugging | |
Livestock Use Area Protection | |
Rinsate Management | |
Silage Leachate Collection and Transfer | |
Restoration and Management of Natural Ecosystems | |
Native Plant Community Restoration and Management | |
Vegetated Sinkhole Buffer | |
Livestock Cooling Pond | |
Pathogen Management | |
Waste Water & Feedlot Runoff Control | |
Irrigation Water Conveyance-modular Polyethylene Ditch & Canal Lining | |
Grade Stabilization Structure-Tire Bales | |
Irrigation Water Conveyance, Corrugated, Ribbed or Profile wall thermal pipeline | |
Prescribed Grazing | |
Stream Crossing | |
TA Planning | |
TA Design | |
TA Application | |
TA Check-Out | |
Existing Practice Payment | |
Stewardship Payment | |
Fuel Break | |
Amendments for the Treatment of Agricultural Waste | |
Reduced Water and Energy Coffee Conveyance System | |
Irrigation Water Conveyance, On-Ground Aluminum Pipleline | |
Pond Sealing or Lining, Compacted Clay Treatment | |
Silvopasture Establishment | |
Well Water Testing | |
Shellfish Aquaculture Management | |
Crop By-Product Transfer | |
Woody Residue Treatment | |
Waste Separation Facility | |
Waste Treatment | |
Salinity and Sodic Soil Management | |
Irrigation Water Conveyance, Corrugated Metal Pipeline | |
Invasive Plant Species Control | |
Pond Sealing and Lining, Soil Cement | |
Irrigation Water Conveyance, Anionic Polyacrylamide Ditch and Canal Treatment | |
Residue and Tillage Management, No-Till/Strip Till/Direct Seed | |
Residue and Tillage Management, Mulch Till | |
Residue and Tillage Management, Ridge Till | |
Multi-Story Cropping | |
Renewable Energy System | |
Individual Terrace | |
Engine Replacement | |
Dust Control on Unpaved Roads and Surfaces | |
Karst Sinkhole Treatment | |
Bioretention Basin | |
Agrichemical Handling Facility | |
Cross Wind Ridges | |
Road/Trail/Landing Closure and Treatment | |
Fish and Wildlife Structure | |
Comprehensive Nutrient Management Plan - Written | |
Comprehensive Nutrient Management Plan - Applied | |
Forest Management Plan - Written | |
Forest Management Plan - Applied | |
Grazing Management Plan - Written | |
Grazing Management Plan - Applied | |
Integrated Pest Management Plan - Written | |
Integrated Pest Management Plan - Applied | |
Irrigation Water Management Plan - Written | |
Irrigation Water Management Plan - Applied | |
Agricultural Energy Management Plan, Headquarters - Written | |
Agricultural Energy Management Plan, Headquarters - Applied | |
Comprehensive Air Quality Management Plan - Written | |
Comprehensive Air Quality Management Plan - Applied | |
Drainage Water Management Plan - Written | |
Drainage Water Management Plan - Applied | |
Conservation Plan Supporting Transition from Irrigation to Dry-land Plan - Written | |
Transition from Irrigation to Dry-land Plan - Applied | |
Conservation Plan Supporting Organic Transition - Written | |
Conservation Plan Supporting Organic Transition - Applied | |
Fish and Wildlife Habitat Plan - Written | |
Fish and Wildlife Habitat Plan - Applied | |
Pollinator Habitat Plan - Written | |
Pollinator Habitat Plan - Applied | |
Denitrifying Bioreactor | |
Orchard and Vinyard Air Quality Management | |
Irrigation Ditch Lining | |
Irrigation Pipeline | |
Seasonal High Tunnel System for Crops | |
Agricultural Secondary Containment Facility | |
Fueling Facility, Above Ground Storage | |
Controlled Traffic Farming | |
Waste Gassification Facility | |
VEGETATED SUBSURFACE DRAIN OUTLET | |
Field Operations Emissions Reduction | |
Structure Sediment Removal | |
Livestock Confinement Facility | |
Milking Center Wastewater Treatment | |
Monitoring and Evaluation | |
ORGANIC SORBENTS FOR THE REMEDIATION OF OIL-CONTAMINATED SOILS | |
Air Filtration and Scrubbing | |
Combustion System Improvement | |
Dust Control on Unpaved Roads and Surfaces | |
Herbaceous Weed Control | |
DUST CONTROL FROM ANIMAL ACTIVITY ON OPEN LOT SURFACES | |
FARMSTEAD ENERGY IMPROVEMENT | |
Nutrient Management Plan - Written | |
Nutrient Management Plan - Applied | |
Agricultural Energy Management Plan, Landscape - Written | |
Agricultural Energy Management Plan, Landscape - Applied | |
Spill Prevention, Control and Countermeasure (SPCC) Plan - Written | |
Spill Prevention, Control and Countermeasure (SPCC) Plan - Applied | |
IPM Herbicide Resistance Weed Conservation Plan - Written | |
IPM Herbicide Resistance Weed Conservation Plan - Applied | |
Bivalve Aquaculture Gear and Biofouling Control |
Restoration pathway R3B
State 3 to 4
Restoration activities conducted when a non-native seed bank is present on site (African lovegrasses or yellow bluestem present along trails, roads or in disturbed areas) can result in an exotic grassland community. Native species seeding may enhance the native grass component. Restoration practices are woody species control and native species seeding (as needed) supported by managed grazing. Shrub control maintained with herbicide may favor the native grasses while prescribed burning may favor non-natives. Burning the mixed shrub community with a non-native grass seed source present can result in an exotic grassland co-dominant with shrubs.
Conservation practices
Bedding | |
---|---|
Alley Cropping | |
Waste Storage Facility | |
Brush Management | |
Animal Mortality Facility | |
Composting Facility | |
Irrigation Canal or Lateral | |
Deep Tillage | |
Clearing and Snagging | |
Conservation Cover | |
Conservation Crop Rotation | |
Contour Farming | |
Contour Orchard and Other Perennial Crops | |
Contour Buffer Strips | |
Prescribed Burning | |
Cover Crop | |
Critical Area Planting | |
Residue Management, Seasonal | |
Dam, Diversion | |
Sediment Basin | |
Water Well Decommissioning | |
Dike | |
Waste Treatment Lagoon | |
Waste Facility Closure | |
Diversion | |
Pond | |
Windbreak/Shelterbelt Establishment | |
Fence | |
Field Border | |
Irrigation Field Ditch | |
Riparian Herbaceous Cover | |
Riparian Forest Buffer | |
Filter Strip | |
Firebreak | |
Stream Habitat Improvement and Management | |
Aquatic Organism Passage | |
Aquaculture Ponds | |
Fish Raceway or Tank | |
Fishpond Management | |
Dam | |
Grade Stabilization Structure | |
Grassed Waterway | |
Hedgerow Planting | |
Hillside Ditch | |
Dry Hydrant | |
Irrigation Reservoir | |
Irrigation System, Microirrigation | |
Sprinkler System | |
Irrigation System, Surface and Subsurface | |
Irrigation System, Tailwater Recovery | |
Irrigation Water Management | |
Anionic Polyacrylamide (PAM) Application | |
Land Reclamation, Landslide Treatment | |
Land Reclamation, Toxic Discharge Control | |
Mine Shaft and Adit Closing | |
Land Clearing | |
Precision Land Forming | |
Irrigation Land Leveling | |
Land Smoothing | |
Lined Waterway or Outlet | |
Access Control | |
Mole Drain | |
Mulching | |
Tree/Shrub Site Preparation | |
Obstruction Removal | |
Forage Harvest Management | |
Forage and Biomass Planting | |
Livestock Pipeline | |
Pond Sealing or Lining, Flexible Membrane | |
Pond Sealing or Lining, Soil Dispersant | |
Pond Sealing or Lining, Bentonite Sealant | |
Pumping Plant | |
Land Reclamation, Abandoned Mined Land | |
Land Reclamation, Currently Mined Land | |
Grazing Land Mechanical Treatment | |
Range Planting | |
Drainage Water Management | |
Rock Barrier | |
Row Arrangement | |
Roof Runoff Structure | |
Access Road | |
Heavy Use Area Protection | |
Recreation Area Improvement | |
Recreation Land Grading and Shaping | |
Trails and Walkways | |
Stormwater Runoff Control | |
Spoil Spreading | |
Spring Development | |
Animal Trails and Walkways | |
Streambank and Shoreline Protection | |
Open Channel | |
Channel Bed Stabilization | |
Stripcropping | |
Structure for Water Control | |
Cross Wind Trap Strips | |
Nutrient Management | |
Feed Management | |
Integrated Pest Management (IPM) | |
Terrace | |
Vegetative Barrier | |
Herbaceous Wind Barriers | |
Subsurface Drain | |
Surface Drain, Field Ditch | |
Surface Drain, Main or Lateral | |
Surface Roughening | |
Tree/Shrub Establishment | |
Watering Facility | |
Underground Outlet | |
Vertical Drain | |
Waste Recycling | |
Waste Transfer | |
Vegetated Treatment Area | |
Water Harvesting Catchment | |
Water and Sediment Control Basin | |
Waterspreading | |
Water Well | |
Restoration and Management of Rare and Declining Habitats | |
Wetland Wildlife Habitat Management | |
Upland Wildlife Habitat Management | |
Shallow Water Development and Management | |
Early Successional Habitat Development/Management | |
Windbreak/Shelterbelt Renovation | |
Forest Trails and Landings | |
Constructed Wetland | |
Wetland Restoration | |
Wetland Creation | |
Wetland Enhancement | |
Tree/Shrub Pruning | |
Forest Stand Improvement | |
Monitoring Well | |
Anaerobic Digestor | |
Roofs and Covers | |
Barnyard Runoff Management | |
Cistern | |
Controlled Livestock Lounging Area | |
Floodproofing | |
Livestock Shade Structure | |
Snow Harvesting | |
Controlled Stream access for Livestock Watering | |
Grass Buffer Strip | |
Record Keeping | |
Waste Field Storage Area | |
Infiltration Ditches | |
Well Plugging | |
Livestock Use Area Protection | |
Rinsate Management | |
Silage Leachate Collection and Transfer | |
Restoration and Management of Natural Ecosystems | |
Native Plant Community Restoration and Management | |
Vegetated Sinkhole Buffer | |
Livestock Cooling Pond | |
Pathogen Management | |
Waste Water & Feedlot Runoff Control | |
Irrigation Water Conveyance-modular Polyethylene Ditch & Canal Lining | |
Grade Stabilization Structure-Tire Bales | |
Irrigation Water Conveyance, Corrugated, Ribbed or Profile wall thermal pipeline | |
Prescribed Grazing | |
Stream Crossing | |
TA Planning | |
TA Design | |
TA Application | |
TA Check-Out | |
Existing Practice Payment | |
Stewardship Payment | |
Fuel Break | |
Amendments for the Treatment of Agricultural Waste | |
Reduced Water and Energy Coffee Conveyance System | |
Irrigation Water Conveyance, On-Ground Aluminum Pipleline | |
Pond Sealing or Lining, Compacted Clay Treatment | |
Silvopasture Establishment | |
Well Water Testing | |
Shellfish Aquaculture Management | |
Crop By-Product Transfer | |
Woody Residue Treatment | |
Waste Separation Facility | |
Waste Treatment | |
Salinity and Sodic Soil Management | |
Irrigation Water Conveyance, Corrugated Metal Pipeline | |
Invasive Plant Species Control | |
Pond Sealing and Lining, Soil Cement | |
Irrigation Water Conveyance, Anionic Polyacrylamide Ditch and Canal Treatment | |
Residue and Tillage Management, No-Till/Strip Till/Direct Seed | |
Residue and Tillage Management, Mulch Till | |
Residue and Tillage Management, Ridge Till | |
Multi-Story Cropping | |
Renewable Energy System | |
Individual Terrace | |
Engine Replacement | |
Dust Control on Unpaved Roads and Surfaces | |
Karst Sinkhole Treatment | |
Bioretention Basin | |
Agrichemical Handling Facility | |
Cross Wind Ridges | |
Road/Trail/Landing Closure and Treatment | |
Fish and Wildlife Structure | |
Comprehensive Nutrient Management Plan - Written | |
Comprehensive Nutrient Management Plan - Applied | |
Forest Management Plan - Written | |
Forest Management Plan - Applied | |
Grazing Management Plan - Written | |
Grazing Management Plan - Applied | |
Integrated Pest Management Plan - Written | |
Integrated Pest Management Plan - Applied | |
Irrigation Water Management Plan - Written | |
Irrigation Water Management Plan - Applied | |
Agricultural Energy Management Plan, Headquarters - Written | |
Agricultural Energy Management Plan, Headquarters - Applied | |
Comprehensive Air Quality Management Plan - Written | |
Comprehensive Air Quality Management Plan - Applied | |
Drainage Water Management Plan - Written | |
Drainage Water Management Plan - Applied | |
Conservation Plan Supporting Transition from Irrigation to Dry-land Plan - Written | |
Transition from Irrigation to Dry-land Plan - Applied | |
Conservation Plan Supporting Organic Transition - Written | |
Conservation Plan Supporting Organic Transition - Applied | |
Fish and Wildlife Habitat Plan - Written | |
Fish and Wildlife Habitat Plan - Applied | |
Pollinator Habitat Plan - Written | |
Pollinator Habitat Plan - Applied | |
Denitrifying Bioreactor | |
Orchard and Vinyard Air Quality Management | |
Irrigation Ditch Lining | |
Irrigation Pipeline | |
Seasonal High Tunnel System for Crops | |
Agricultural Secondary Containment Facility | |
Fueling Facility, Above Ground Storage | |
Controlled Traffic Farming | |
Waste Gassification Facility | |
VEGETATED SUBSURFACE DRAIN OUTLET | |
Field Operations Emissions Reduction | |
Structure Sediment Removal | |
Livestock Confinement Facility | |
Milking Center Wastewater Treatment | |
Monitoring and Evaluation | |
ORGANIC SORBENTS FOR THE REMEDIATION OF OIL-CONTAMINATED SOILS | |
Air Filtration and Scrubbing | |
Combustion System Improvement | |
Dust Control on Unpaved Roads and Surfaces | |
Herbaceous Weed Control | |
DUST CONTROL FROM ANIMAL ACTIVITY ON OPEN LOT SURFACES | |
FARMSTEAD ENERGY IMPROVEMENT | |
Nutrient Management Plan - Written | |
Nutrient Management Plan - Applied | |
Agricultural Energy Management Plan, Landscape - Written | |
Agricultural Energy Management Plan, Landscape - Applied | |
Spill Prevention, Control and Countermeasure (SPCC) Plan - Written | |
Spill Prevention, Control and Countermeasure (SPCC) Plan - Applied | |
IPM Herbicide Resistance Weed Conservation Plan - Written | |
IPM Herbicide Resistance Weed Conservation Plan - Applied | |
Bivalve Aquaculture Gear and Biofouling Control |
Transition T3A
State 3 to 4
Long-term, continuous, unmanaged grazing with heavy to severe utilization affects soil site stability and hydrologic functioning. Reduced soil cover, compaction, and A Horizon loss compound the effect of plant community changes (increased shrub/decreased perennial grass community) to increase surface water run-off rather than infiltration. Drought conditions accelerate this transition. Persistent reduced infiltration severely limits perennial grass recruitment.
Additional community tables
Table 8. Community 1.1 plant community composition
Group | Common name | Symbol | Scientific name | Annual production (kg/hectare) | Foliar cover (%) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Grass/Grasslike
|
||||||
1 | Dominant mid-grasses | 392–785 | ||||
sideoats grama | BOCU | Bouteloua curtipendula | 112–448 | – | ||
bullgrass | MUEM | Muhlenbergia emersleyi | 56–168 | – | ||
plains lovegrass | ERIN | Eragrostis intermedia | 56–168 | – | ||
green sprangletop | LEDU | Leptochloa dubia | 11–112 | – | ||
Texas bluestem | SCCI2 | Schizachyrium cirratum | 0–112 | – | ||
Orcutt's threeawn | ARSCO | Aristida schiedeana var. orcuttiana | 0–112 | – | ||
cane bluestem | BOBA3 | Bothriochloa barbinodis | 6–112 | – | ||
woolyspike balsamscale | ELBA | Elionurus barbiculmis | 0–56 | – | ||
spiked crinkleawn | TRSP12 | Trachypogon spicatus | 0–56 | – | ||
2 | Dominant short grasses | 90–280 | ||||
blue grama | BOGR2 | Bouteloua gracilis | 28–168 | – | ||
hairy grama | BOHI2 | Bouteloua hirsuta | 17–112 | – | ||
purple grama | BORA | Bouteloua radicosa | 28–112 | – | ||
curly-mesquite | HIBE | Hilaria belangeri | 6–56 | – | ||
slender grama | BORE2 | Bouteloua repens | 0–28 | – | ||
black grama | BOER4 | Bouteloua eriopoda | 6–22 | – | ||
common wolfstail | LYPH | Lycurus phleoides | 1–22 | – | ||
vine mesquite | PAOB | Panicum obtusum | 1–22 | – | ||
3 | Cool season perennial grasses | 6–112 | ||||
prairie Junegrass | KOMA | Koeleria macrantha | 1–56 | – | ||
pinyon ricegrass | PIFI | Piptochaetium fimbriatum | 0–34 | – | ||
muttongrass | POFE | Poa fendleriana | 0–22 | – | ||
squirreltail | ELELE | Elymus elymoides ssp. elymoides | 1–22 | – | ||
sedge | CAREX | Carex | 1–11 | – | ||
flatsedge | CYPER | Cyperus | 0–1 | – | ||
densetuft hairsedge | BUCA2 | Bulbostylis capillaris | 0–1 | – | ||
4 | Miscellaneous perennial grasses | 6–56 | ||||
tanglehead | HECO10 | Heteropogon contortus | 0–28 | – | ||
purple muhly | MURI3 | Muhlenbergia rigida | 0–17 | – | ||
silver bluestem | BOSA | Bothriochloa saccharoides | 0–17 | – | ||
Hall's panicgrass | PAHA | Panicum hallii | 0–11 | – | ||
maidencane | PAHE2 | Panicum hemitomon | 0–6 | – | ||
plains bristlegrass | SEVU2 | Setaria vulpiseta | 0–6 | – | ||
sand dropseed | SPCR | Sporobolus cryptandrus | 0–6 | – | ||
Mexican gamagrass | TRLA11 | Tripsacum lanceolatum | 0–6 | – | ||
slim tridens | TRMU | Tridens muticus | 0–6 | – | ||
slim tridens | TRMUE | Tridens muticus var. elongatus | 0–6 | – | ||
bulb panicgrass | PABU | Panicum bulbosum | 0–6 | – | ||
bush muhly | MUPO2 | Muhlenbergia porteri | 0–6 | – | ||
Fendler threeawn | ARPUL | Aristida purpurea var. longiseta | 0–6 | – | ||
Wright's threeawn | ARPUW | Aristida purpurea var. wrightii | 0–6 | – | ||
spidergrass | ARTE3 | Aristida ternipes | 1–6 | – | ||
spidergrass | ARTEG | Aristida ternipes var. gentilis | 1–6 | – | ||
Arizona cottontop | DICA8 | Digitaria californica | 0–2 | – | ||
fall witchgrass | DICO6 | Digitaria cognata | 0–1 | – | ||
nineawn pappusgrass | ENDE | Enneapogon desvauxii | 0–1 | – | ||
cotta grass | COPA13 | Cottea pappophoroides | 0–1 | – | ||
low woollygrass | DAPU7 | Dasyochloa pulchella | 0–1 | – | ||
Rothrock's grama | BORO2 | Bouteloua rothrockii | 0–1 | – | ||
5 | Annual grasses | 6–78 | ||||
Mexican panicgrass | PAHI5 | Panicum hirticaule | 1–22 | – | ||
mucronate sprangeltop | LEPAB | Leptochloa panicea ssp. brachiata | 1–17 | – | ||
Mexican sprangletop | LEFUU | Leptochloa fusca ssp. uninervia | 0–11 | – | ||
witchgrass | PACA6 | Panicum capillare | 0–6 | – | ||
Arizona signalgrass | URAR | Urochloa arizonica | 0–6 | – | ||
Eastwood fescue | VUMIC | Vulpia microstachys var. ciliata | 1–6 | – | ||
Pacific fescue | VUMIP | Vulpia microstachys var. pauciflora | 1–6 | – | ||
sixweeks fescue | VUOC | Vulpia octoflora | 1–6 | – | ||
little barley | HOPU | Hordeum pusillum | 0–6 | – | ||
sixweeks threeawn | ARAD | Aristida adscensionis | 0–6 | – | ||
prairie threeawn | AROL | Aristida oligantha | 1–6 | – | ||
tapertip cupgrass | ERACA | Eriochloa acuminata var. acuminata | 0–6 | – | ||
Mexican lovegrass | ERME | Eragrostis mexicana | 0–1 | – | ||
tufted lovegrass | ERPEP2 | Eragrostis pectinacea var. pectinacea | 0–1 | – | ||
pitscale grass | HAGR3 | Hackelochloa granularis | 0–1 | – | ||
needle grama | BOAR | Bouteloua aristidoides | 0–1 | – | ||
sixweeks grama | BOBA2 | Bouteloua barbata | 0–1 | – | ||
matted grama | BOSI2 | Bouteloua simplex | 0–1 | – | ||
Arizona brome | BRAR4 | Bromus arizonicus | 0–1 | – | ||
feather fingergrass | CHVI4 | Chloris virgata | 0–1 | – | ||
fragilegrass | AETE | Aegopogon tenellus | 0–1 | – | ||
delicate muhly | MUFR | Muhlenbergia fragilis | 0–1 | – | ||
littleseed muhly | MUMI | Muhlenbergia microsperma | 0–1 | – | ||
Bigelow's bluegrass | POBI | Poa bigelovii | 0–1 | – | ||
poverty dropseed | SPVA | Sporobolus vaginiflorus | 0–1 | – | ||
prairie false oat | TRIN5 | Trisetum interruptum | 0–1 | – | ||
Forb
|
||||||
6 | Perennial forbs | 11–67 | ||||
Louisiana vetch | VILUL2 | Vicia ludoviciana ssp. ludoviciana | 0–11 | – | ||
white sagebrush | ARLU | Artemisia ludoviciana | 1–11 | – | ||
largeflower onion | ALMA4 | Allium macropetalum | 0–6 | – | ||
weakleaf bur ragweed | AMCO3 | Ambrosia confertiflora | 1–6 | – | ||
firecrackerbush | BOTE2 | Bouvardia ternifolia | 0–6 | – | ||
pepper | CAPSI | Capsicum | 0–6 | – | ||
bluedicks | DICA14 | Dichelostemma capitatum | 1–6 | – | ||
tarragon | ARDR4 | Artemisia dracunculus | 0–6 | – | ||
trailing fleabane | ERFL | Erigeron flagellaris | 1–6 | – | ||
pearly globe amaranth | GONI | Gomphrena nitida | 0–6 | – | ||
Wright's deervetch | LOWR | Lotus wrightii | 0–6 | – | ||
slimleaf bean | PHAN3 | Phaseolus angustissimus | 0–6 | – | ||
Arizona spikemoss | SEAR2 | Selaginella arizonica | 0–6 | – | ||
American vetch | VIAM | Vicia americana | 0–6 | – | ||
brownplume wirelettuce | STPA4 | Stephanomeria pauciflora | 0–3 | – | ||
white prairie aster | SYFAC | Symphyotrichum falcatum var. commutatum | 0–2 | – | ||
Texas snoutbean | RHSET | Rhynchosia senna var. texana | 0–2 | – | ||
Arizona bluecurls | TRAR | Trichostema arizonicum | 0–2 | – | ||
New Mexico fanpetals | SINE | Sida neomexicana | 0–2 | – | ||
orange fameflower | PHAU13 | Phemeranthus aurantiacus | 0–2 | – | ||
Cory's mistletoe | PHCO14 | Phoradendron coryae | 0–2 | – | ||
fineleaf hymenopappus | HYFI | Hymenopappus filifolius | 0–2 | – | ||
Arizona snakecotton | FRAR2 | Froelichia arizonica | 0–2 | – | ||
New Mexico fleabane | ERNE3 | Erigeron neomexicanus | 0–2 | – | ||
spreading fleabane | ERDI4 | Erigeron divergens | 0–2 | – | ||
tuber anemone | ANTU | Anemone tuberosa | 0–2 | – | ||
Cooley's bundleflower | DECO2 | Desmanthus cooleyi | 0–2 | – | ||
dwarf stickpea | CAHUR | Calliandra humilis var. reticulata | 0–2 | – | ||
bastard toadflax | COUM | Comandra umbellata | 0–2 | – | ||
carelessweed | AMPA | Amaranthus palmeri | 0–2 | – | ||
woolly locoweed | ASMOB | Astragalus mollissimus var. bigelovii | 0–2 | – | ||
sheep milkvetch | ASNO3 | Astragalus nothoxys | 0–2 | – | ||
branched noseburn | TRRA5 | Tragia ramosa | 0–2 | – | ||
Fort Huachuca vervain | VEGR2 | Verbena gracilis | 0–1 | – | ||
Rocky Mountain zinnia | ZIGR | Zinnia grandiflora | 0–1 | – | ||
horsetail milkweed | ASSU2 | Asclepias subverticillata | 0–1 | – | ||
dense ayenia | AYMI | Ayenia microphylla | 0–1 | – | ||
scarlet spiderling | BOCO | Boerhavia coccinea | 0–1 | – | ||
climbing wartclub | BOSC | Boerhavia scandens | 0–1 | – | ||
Mexican yellowshow | AMPA3 | Amoreuxia palmatifida | 0–1 | – | ||
Cuman ragweed | AMPS | Ambrosia psilostachya | 0–1 | – | ||
crested anoda | ANCR2 | Anoda cristata | 0–1 | – | ||
perennial rockcress | ARPE2 | Arabis perennans | 0–1 | – | ||
southwestern pricklypoppy | ARPL3 | Argemone pleiacantha | 0–1 | – | ||
Watson's dutchman's pipe | ARWA | Aristolochia watsonii | 0–1 | – | ||
Arizona milkvetch | ASAR6 | Astragalus arizonicus | 0–1 | – | ||
spider milkweed | ASAS | Asclepias asperula | 0–1 | – | ||
chaparral asphead | ASHI3 | Aspicarpa hirtella | 0–1 | – | ||
broadleaf milkweed | ASLA4 | Asclepias latifolia | 0–1 | – | ||
leatherweed | CRPO5 | Croton pottsii | 0–1 | – | ||
fingerleaf gourd | CUDI | Cucurbita digitata | 0–1 | – | ||
coyote gourd | CUPA | Cucurbita palmata | 0–1 | – | ||
purplenerve springparsley | CYMU2 | Cymopterus multinervatus | 0–1 | – | ||
whiteflower prairie clover | DAAL | Dalea albiflora | 0–1 | – | ||
James' prairie clover | DAJA | Dalea jamesii | 0–1 | – | ||
dwarf prairie clover | DANA | Dalea nana | 0–1 | – | ||
downy prairie clover | DANE | Dalea neomexicana | 0–1 | – | ||
wholeleaf Indian paintbrush | CAIN14 | Castilleja integra | 0–1 | – | ||
desert mariposa lily | CAKE | Calochortus kennedyi | 0–1 | – | ||
sego lily | CANU3 | Calochortus nuttallii | 0–1 | – | ||
whitemargin sandmat | CHAL11 | Chamaesyce albomarginata | 0–1 | – | ||
mala mujer | CNAN | Cnidoscolus angustidens | 0–1 | – | ||
birdbill dayflower | CODI4 | Commelina dianthifolia | 0–1 | – | ||
Texas bindweed | COEQ | Convolvulus equitans | 0–1 | – | ||
whitemouth dayflower | COER | Commelina erecta | 0–1 | – | ||
desert larkspur | DEPA | Delphinium parishii | 0–1 | – | ||
trailing windmills | ALIN | Allionia incarnata | 0–1 | – | ||
Torrey's craglily | ECFL | Echeandia flavescens | 0–1 | – | ||
Mexican fireplant | EUHE4 | Euphorbia heterophylla | 0–1 | – | ||
sun spurge | EURA2 | Euphorbia radians | 0–1 | – | ||
wild dwarf morning-glory | EVAR | Evolvulus arizonicus | 0–1 | – | ||
shaggy dwarf morning-glory | EVNU | Evolvulus nuttallianus | 0–1 | – | ||
silver dwarf morning-glory | EVSE | Evolvulus sericeus | 0–1 | – | ||
scarlet beeblossom | GACO5 | Gaura coccinea | 0–1 | – | ||
small matweed | GUDE | Guilleminea densa | 0–1 | – | ||
red bluet | HORU | Houstonia rubra | 0–1 | – | ||
babyslippers | HYVE | Hybanthus verticillatus | 0–1 | – | ||
pinkthroat morning-glory | IPLO | Ipomoea longifolia | 0–1 | – | ||
ragged nettlespurge | JAMA | Jatropha macrorhiza | 0–1 | – | ||
San Pedro daisy | LAPO4 | Lasianthaea podocephala | 0–1 | – | ||
narrowleaf stoneseed | LIIN2 | Lithospermum incisum | 0–1 | – | ||
Lewis flax | LILE3 | Linum lewisii | 0–1 | – | ||
Greene's bird's-foot trefoil | LOGR4 | Lotus greenei | 0–1 | – | ||
variableleaf bushbean | MAGI2 | Macroptilium gibbosifolium | 0–1 | – | ||
lacy tansyaster | MAPI | Machaeranthera pinnatifida | 0–1 | – | ||
Mexican star | MIBI2 | Milla biflora | 0–1 | – | ||
lemon beebalm | MOCIA | Monarda citriodora ssp. austromontana | 0–1 | – | ||
tufted evening primrose | OECA10 | Oenothera caespitosa | 0–1 | – | ||
locoweed | OXYTR | Oxytropis | 0–1 | – | ||
beardlip penstemon | PEBA2 | Penstemon barbatus | 0–1 | – | ||
Cataiina beardtongue | PEDI6 | Penstemon discolor | 0–1 | – | ||
firecracker penstemon | PEEA | Penstemon eatonii | 0–1 | – | ||
longstalk chinchweed | PELO | Pectis longipes | 0–1 | – | ||
Parry's beardtongue | PEPA24 | Penstemon parryi | 0–1 | – | ||
ivyleaf groundcherry | PHHE4 | Physalis hederifolia | 0–1 | – | ||
white milkwort | POAL4 | Polygala alba | 0–1 | – | ||
velvetseed milkwort | POOB | Polygala obscura | 0–1 | – | ||
shrubby purslane | POSU3 | Portulaca suffrutescens | 0–1 | – | ||
slimflower scurfpea | PSTE5 | Psoralidium tenuiflorum | 0–1 | – | ||
buffpetal | RHPH2 | Rhynchosida physocalyx | 0–1 | – | ||
silverleaf nightshade | SOEL | Solanum elaeagnifolium | 0–1 | – | ||
Missouri goldenrod | SOMI2 | Solidago missouriensis | 0–1 | – | ||
copper globemallow | SPAN3 | Sphaeralcea angustifolia | 0–1 | – | ||
gooseberryleaf globemallow | SPGR2 | Sphaeralcea grossulariifolia | 0–1 | – | ||
twinleaf senna | SEBA3 | Senna bauhinioides | 0–1 | – | ||
Lemmon's ragwort | SELE8 | Senecio lemmonii | 0–1 | – | ||
Huachuca Mountain ragwort | SEMU9 | Senecio multidentatus | 0–1 | – | ||
cardinal catchfly | SILA2 | Silene laciniata | 0–1 | – | ||
Sonoita noseburn | TRLA | Tragia laciniata | 0–1 | – | ||
slimleaf plainsmustard | SCLI12 | Schoenocrambe linearifolia | 0–1 | – | ||
jewels of Opar | TAPA2 | Talinum paniculatum | 0–1 | – | ||
Coulter's wrinklefruit | TECO | Tetraclea coulteri | 0–1 | – | ||
hairy fournwort | TENE | Tetramerium nervosum | 0–1 | – | ||
longstalk greenthread | THLO | Thelesperma longipes | 0–1 | – | ||
Hopi tea greenthread | THME | Thelesperma megapotamicum | 0–1 | – | ||
7 | Annual Forbs | 1–112 | ||||
longleaf false goldeneye | HELOA2 | Heliomeris longifolia var. annua | 1–56 | – | ||
bitter rubberweed | HYOD | Hymenoxys odorata | 0–28 | – | ||
New Mexico goosefoot | CHNE3 | Chenopodium neomexicanum | 0–11 | – | ||
sensitive partridge pea | CHNI2 | Chamaecrista nictitans | 0–11 | – | ||
smallflowered milkvetch | ASNU4 | Astragalus nuttallianus | 0–11 | – | ||
Thurber's milkvetch | ASTH | Astragalus thurberi | 0–11 | – | ||
fewflower beggarticks | BILE | Bidens leptocephala | 0–11 | – | ||
pitseed goosefoot | CHBE4 | Chenopodium berlandieri | 0–11 | – | ||
western tansymustard | DEPI | Descurainia pinnata | 0–6 | – | ||
southwestern cosmos | COPA12 | Cosmos parviflorus | 0–3 | – | ||
Wright's bird's beak | COWR2 | Cordylanthus wrightii | 0–2 | – | ||
scrambled eggs | COAU2 | Corydalis aurea | 0–2 | – | ||
wedgeleaf draba | DRCU | Draba cuneifolia | 0–2 | – | ||
New Mexico thistle | CINE | Cirsium neomexicanum | 0–2 | – | ||
redstar | IPCO3 | Ipomoea coccinea | 0–2 | – | ||
Thurber's morning-glory | IPTH | Ipomoea thurberi | 0–2 | – | ||
Arizona poppy | KAGR | Kallstroemia grandiflora | 0–2 | – | ||
tanseyleaf tansyaster | MATA2 | Machaeranthera tanacetifolia | 0–2 | – | ||
woolly plantain | PLPA2 | Plantago patagonica | 0–2 | – | ||
slender goldenweed | MAGR10 | Machaeranthera gracilis | 0–2 | – | ||
Wright's cudweed | PSCAC2 | Pseudognaphalium canescens ssp. canescens | 0–2 | – | ||
spreading fanpetals | SIAB | Sida abutifolia | 0–2 | – | ||
New Mexico copperleaf | ACNE | Acalypha neomexicana | 0–2 | – | ||
carelessweed | AMPA | Amaranthus palmeri | 0–1 | – | ||
crested anoda | ANCR2 | Anoda cristata | 0–1 | – | ||
halfmoon milkvetch | ASAL6 | Astragalus allochrous | 0–1 | – | ||
royal sandmat | CHDI5 | Chamaesyce dioica | 0–1 | – | ||
pillpod sandmat | CHHI3 | Chamaesyce hirta | 0–1 | – | ||
hyssopleaf sandmat | CHHY3 | Chamaesyce hyssopifolia | 0–1 | – | ||
Coulter's spiderling | BOCO2 | Boerhavia coulteri | 0–1 | – | ||
erect spiderling | BOER | Boerhavia erecta | 0–1 | – | ||
hoary bowlesia | BOIN3 | Bowlesia incana | 0–1 | – | ||
purple spiderling | BOPU | Boerhavia purpurascens | 0–1 | – | ||
fringed redmaids | CACI2 | Calandrinia ciliata | 0–1 | – | ||
sleepy silene | SIAN2 | Silene antirrhina | 0–1 | – | ||
Abert's creeping zinnia | SAAB | Sanvitalia abertii | 0–1 | – | ||
sawtooth sage | SASU7 | Salvia subincisa | 0–1 | – | ||
mesa tansyaster | MATA | Machaeranthera tagetina | 0–1 | – | ||
purslane | PORTU | Portulaca | 0–1 | – | ||
yerba porosa | PORU6 | Porophyllum ruderale | 0–1 | – | ||
desert unicorn-plant | PRAL4 | Proboscidea althaeifolia | 0–1 | – | ||
doubleclaw | PRPA2 | Proboscidea parviflora | 0–1 | – | ||
whitestem blazingstar | MEAL6 | Mentzelia albicaulis | 0–1 | – | ||
sweet four o'clock | MILO2 | Mirabilis longiflora | 0–1 | – | ||
desert evening primrose | OEPR | Oenothera primiveris | 0–1 | – | ||
Arizona phacelia | PHAR13 | Phacelia arizonica | 0–1 | – | ||
Mangas Spring phacelia | PHBO4 | Phacelia bombycina | 0–1 | – | ||
Arizona popcornflower | PLAR | Plagiobothrys arizonicus | 0–1 | – | ||
warty caltrop | KAPA | Kallstroemia parviflora | 0–1 | – | ||
Gordon's bladderpod | LEGO | Lesquerella gordonii | 0–1 | – | ||
broadleaved pepperweed | LELA2 | Lepidium latifolium | 0–1 | – | ||
intermediate pepperweed | LEVIM | Lepidium virginicum var. medium | 0–1 | – | ||
dotted blazing star | LIPU | Liatris punctata | 0–1 | – | ||
plains flax | LIPU4 | Linum puberulum | 0–1 | – | ||
foothill deervetch | LOHU2 | Lotus humistratus | 0–1 | – | ||
coastal bird's-foot trefoil | LOSAB | Lotus salsuginosus var. brevivexillus | 0–1 | – | ||
shortstem lupine | LUBR2 | Lupinus brevicaulis | 0–1 | – | ||
bajada lupine | LUCOC | Lupinus concinnus ssp. concinnus | 0–1 | – | ||
Fendler's desertdandelion | MAFE | Malacothrix fendleri | 0–1 | – | ||
El Paso skyrocket | IPTH2 | Ipomopsis thurberi | 0–1 | – | ||
ivyleaf morning-glory | IPHE | Ipomoea hederacea | 0–1 | – | ||
flaxflowered ipomopsis | IPLOL | Ipomopsis longiflora ssp. longiflora | 0–1 | – | ||
crestrib morning-glory | IPCO2 | Ipomoea costellata | 0–1 | – | ||
camphorweed | HESU3 | Heterotheca subaxillaris | 0–1 | – | ||
miner's lettuce | CLPEP | Claytonia perfoliata ssp. perfoliata | 0–1 | – | ||
threadstem sandmat | CHRE4 | Chamaesyce revoluta | 0–1 | – | ||
thymeleaf sandmat | CHSE6 | Chamaesyce serpyllifolia | 0–1 | – | ||
slimseed sandmat | CHST8 | Chamaesyce stictospora | 0–1 | – | ||
Abert's buckwheat | ERAB2 | Eriogonum abertianum | 0–1 | – | ||
sanddune wallflower | ERCA14 | Erysimum capitatum | 0–1 | – | ||
miniature woollystar | ERDI2 | Eriastrum diffusum | 0–1 | – | ||
spreading fleabane | ERDI4 | Erigeron divergens | 0–1 | – | ||
sorrel buckwheat | ERPO4 | Eriogonum polycladon | 0–1 | – | ||
California poppy | ESCAM | Eschscholzia californica ssp. mexicana | 0–1 | – | ||
Arizona blanketflower | GAAR2 | Gaillardia arizonica | 0–1 | – | ||
red dome blanketflower | GAPI | Gaillardia pinnatifida | 0–1 | – | ||
lesser yellowthroat gilia | GIFL | Gilia flavocincta | 0–1 | – | ||
El Paso gilia | GIME | Gilia mexicana | 0–1 | – | ||
Dakota mock vervain | GLBIB | Glandularia bipinnatifida var. bipinnatifida | 0–1 | – | ||
curlytop gumweed | GRNUA | Grindelia nuda var. aphanactis | 0–1 | – | ||
western trailing ticktrefoil | DEPR2 | Desmodium procumbens | 0–1 | – | ||
poorjoe | DITE2 | Diodia teres | 0–1 | – | ||
cryptantha | CRYPT | Cryptantha | 0–1 | – | ||
Chihuahuan prairie clover | DAEX2 | Dalea exigua | 0–1 | – | ||
American wild carrot | DAPU3 | Daucus pusillus | 0–1 | – | ||
sacred thorn-apple | DAWR2 | Datura wrightii | 0–1 | – | ||
New Mexico ticktrefoil | DENE | Desmodium neomexicanum | 0–1 | – | ||
Shrub/Vine
|
||||||
8 | Dominant half shrubs | 2–56 | ||||
bastardsage | ERWR | Eriogonum wrightii | 1–17 | – | ||
broom snakeweed | GUSA2 | Gutierrezia sarothrae | 0–6 | – | ||
Bigelow's bristlehead | CABI6 | Carphochaete bigelovii | 0–6 | – | ||
fairyduster | CAER | Calliandra eriophylla | 0–6 | – | ||
littleleaf ratany | KRER | Krameria erecta | 0–6 | – | ||
trailing krameria | KRLA | Krameria lanceolata | 0–6 | – | ||
prairie acacia | ACAN | Acacia angustissima | 1–6 | – | ||
yerba de pasmo | BAPT | Baccharis pteronioides | 0–6 | – | ||
California brickellbush | BRCA3 | Brickellia californica | 0–2 | – | ||
Bigelow's false willow | BABI | Baccharis bigelovii | 0–2 | – | ||
heartleaf goldeneye | VICO | Viguiera cordifolia | 0–2 | – | ||
Arizonia orange | CHDUA | Choisya dumosa var. arizonica | 0–2 | – | ||
cliff goldenbush | ERCUS | Ericameria cuneata var. spathulata | 0–2 | – | ||
turpentine bush | ERLA12 | Ericameria laricifolia | 0–2 | – | ||
gumhead | GYGL | Gymnosperma glutinosum | 0–2 | – | ||
showy goldeneye | HEMUM | Heliomeris multiflora var. multiflora | 0–2 | – | ||
Arizona water-willow | JUCA9 | Justicia candicans | 0–2 | – | ||
9 | Evergreen shrubs | 3–78 | ||||
hairy mountain mahogany | CEMOP | Cercocarpus montanus var. paucidentatus | 1–22 | – | ||
Sonoran scrub oak | QUTU2 | Quercus turbinella | 0–22 | – | ||
desert ceanothus | CEGR | Ceanothus greggii | 1–17 | – | ||
Toumey oak | QUTO2 | Quercus toumeyi | 0–17 | – | ||
Palmer oak | QUPA10 | Quercus palmeri | 0–11 | – | ||
smallflowered milkvetch | ASNU4 | Astragalus nuttallianus | 0–11 | – | ||
Thurber's milkvetch | ASTH | Astragalus thurberi | 0–11 | – | ||
fewflower beggarticks | BILE | Bidens leptocephala | 0–11 | – | ||
pitseed goosefoot | CHBE4 | Chenopodium berlandieri | 0–11 | – | ||
New Mexico goosefoot | CHNE3 | Chenopodium neomexicanum | 0–11 | – | ||
sensitive partridge pea | CHNI2 | Chamaecrista nictitans | 0–11 | – | ||
field bindweed | COAR4 | Convolvulus arvensis | 1–6 | – | ||
leatherweed | CRPOP | Croton pottsii var. pottsii | 1–6 | – | ||
tuber anemone | ANTU | Anemone tuberosa | 1–6 | – | ||
rockcress | ARABI | Arabidopsis | 1–6 | – | ||
onion | ALLIU | Allium | 1–6 | – | ||
weakleaf bur ragweed | AMCO3 | Ambrosia confertiflora | 1–6 | – | ||
spreading fleabane | ERDI4 | Erigeron divergens | 1–6 | – | ||
trailing fleabane | ERFL | Erigeron flagellaris | 1–6 | – | ||
New Mexico fleabane | ERNE3 | Erigeron neomexicanus | 1–6 | – | ||
wild dwarf morning-glory | EVAR | Evolvulus arizonicus | 1–6 | – | ||
Arizona snakecotton | FRAR2 | Froelichia arizonica | 1–6 | – | ||
small matweed | GUDED | Guilleminea densa var. densa | 1–6 | – | ||
hairy false goldenaster | HEVIM3 | Heterotheca villosa var. minor | 1–6 | – | ||
rincon rubberweed | HYQU2 | Hymenoxys quinquesquamata | 1–6 | – | ||
ragged nettlespurge | JAMA | Jatropha macrorhiza | 1–6 | – | ||
Wright's deervetch | LOWR | Lotus wrightii | 1–6 | – | ||
variableleaf bushbean | MAGI2 | Macroptilium gibbosifolium | 1–6 | – | ||
white four o'clock | MIAL4 | Mirabilis albida | 1–6 | – | ||
Drummond's woodsorrel | OXDR | Oxalis drummondii | 1–6 | – | ||
butterweed | PAGL17 | Packera glabella | 1–6 | – | ||
longstalk chinchweed | PELO | Pectis longipes | 1–6 | – | ||
Texas snoutbean | RHSET | Rhynchosia senna var. texana | 1–6 | – | ||
spreading fanpetals | SIAB | Sida abutifolia | 1–6 | – | ||
silverleaf nightshade | SOEL | Solanum elaeagnifolium | 1–6 | – | ||
scarlet globemallow | SPCO | Sphaeralcea coccinea | 1–6 | – | ||
scarlet globemallow | SPCOE | Sphaeralcea coccinea ssp. elata | 1–6 | – | ||
brownplume wirelettuce | STPA4 | Stephanomeria pauciflora | 1–6 | – | ||
Palmer's crinklemat | TIPA | Tiquilia palmeri | 1–6 | – | ||
pinewoods spiderwort | TRPI | Tradescantia pinetorum | 1–6 | – | ||
American vetch | VIAM | Vicia americana | 1–6 | – | ||
whitemouth dayflower | COER | Commelina erecta | 1–6 | – | ||
western tansymustard | DEPI | Descurainia pinnata | 0–6 | – | ||
chaparral asphead | ASHI3 | Aspicarpa hirtella | 1–6 | – | ||
redberry buckthorn | RHCR | Rhamnus crocea | 0–6 | – | ||
California buckthorn | FRCAC5 | Frangula californica ssp. californica | 0–6 | – | ||
Wright's silktassel | GAWR3 | Garrya wrightii | 0–6 | – | ||
red barberry | MAHA4 | Mahonia haematocarpa | 0–6 | – | ||
common hoptree | PTTR | Ptelea trifoliata | 0–6 | – | ||
southwestern cosmos | COPA12 | Cosmos parviflorus | 0–3 | – | ||
Wright's bird's beak | COWR2 | Cordylanthus wrightii | 0–2 | – | ||
wedgeleaf draba | DRCU | Draba cuneifolia | 0–2 | – | ||
New Mexico copperleaf | ACNE | Acalypha neomexicana | 0–2 | – | ||
scrambled eggs | COAU2 | Corydalis aurea | 0–2 | – | ||
New Mexico thistle | CINE | Cirsium neomexicanum | 0–2 | – | ||
pointleaf manzanita | ARPU5 | Arctostaphylos pungens | 0–2 | – | ||
fourwing saltbush | ATCA2 | Atriplex canescens | 0–2 | – | ||
evergreen sumac | RHVIC | Rhus virens var. choriophylla | 0–2 | – | ||
Florida hopbush | DOVI | Dodonaea viscosa | 0–2 | – | ||
miner's lettuce | CLPEP | Claytonia perfoliata ssp. perfoliata | 0–1 | – | ||
cryptantha | CRYPT | Cryptantha | 0–1 | – | ||
Chihuahuan prairie clover | DAEX2 | Dalea exigua | 0–1 | – | ||
American wild carrot | DAPU3 | Daucus pusillus | 0–1 | – | ||
sacred thorn-apple | DAWR2 | Datura wrightii | 0–1 | – | ||
New Mexico ticktrefoil | DENE | Desmodium neomexicanum | 0–1 | – | ||
threadstem sandmat | CHRE4 | Chamaesyce revoluta | 0–1 | – | ||
thymeleaf sandmat | CHSE6 | Chamaesyce serpyllifolia | 0–1 | – | ||
slimseed sandmat | CHST8 | Chamaesyce stictospora | 0–1 | – | ||
royal sandmat | CHDI5 | Chamaesyce dioica | 0–1 | – | ||
pillpod sandmat | CHHI3 | Chamaesyce hirta | 0–1 | – | ||
hyssopleaf sandmat | CHHY3 | Chamaesyce hyssopifolia | 0–1 | – | ||
halfmoon milkvetch | ASAL6 | Astragalus allochrous | 0–1 | – | ||
carelessweed | AMPA | Amaranthus palmeri | 0–1 | – | ||
crested anoda | ANCR2 | Anoda cristata | 0–1 | – | ||
Coulter's spiderling | BOCO2 | Boerhavia coulteri | 0–1 | – | ||
erect spiderling | BOER | Boerhavia erecta | 0–1 | – | ||
hoary bowlesia | BOIN3 | Bowlesia incana | 0–1 | – | ||
purple spiderling | BOPU | Boerhavia purpurascens | 0–1 | – | ||
fringed redmaids | CACI2 | Calandrinia ciliata | 0–1 | – | ||
western trailing ticktrefoil | DEPR2 | Desmodium procumbens | 0–1 | – | ||
poorjoe | DITE2 | Diodia teres | 0–1 | – | ||
Abert's buckwheat | ERAB2 | Eriogonum abertianum | 0–1 | – | ||
sanddune wallflower | ERCA14 | Erysimum capitatum | 0–1 | – | ||
miniature woollystar | ERDI2 | Eriastrum diffusum | 0–1 | – | ||
10 | Deciduous shrubs | 3–45 | ||||
cliff fendlerbush | FERU | Fendlera rupicola | 0–11 | – | ||
ocotillo | FOSP2 | Fouquieria splendens | 1–6 | – | ||
catclaw mimosa | MIACB | Mimosa aculeaticarpa var. biuncifera | 1–6 | – | ||
velvetpod mimosa | MIDY | Mimosa dysocarpa | 0–6 | – | ||
Thurber's desert honeysuckle | ANTH2 | Anisacanthus thurberi | 0–6 | – | ||
catclaw acacia | ACGR | Acacia greggii | 0–6 | – | ||
skunkbush sumac | RHTR | Rhus trilobata | 1–6 | – | ||
yellow trumpetbush | TEST | Tecoma stans | 0–6 | – | ||
milfoil wattle | ACMI | Acacia millefolia | 0–2 | – | ||
whitethorn acacia | ACCO2 | Acacia constricta | 0–2 | – | ||
Wright's beebrush | ALWR | Aloysia wrightii | 0–1 | – | ||
Graham's mimosa | MIGR2 | Mimosa grahamii | 0–1 | – | ||
pale desert-thorn | LYPA | Lycium pallidum | 0–1 | – | ||
lotebush | ZIOBC | Ziziphus obtusifolia var. canescens | 0–1 | – | ||
11 | Succulents | 6–112 | ||||
sacahuista | NOMI | Nolina microcarpa | 1–56 | – | ||
cactus apple | OPEN3 | Opuntia engelmannii | 0–11 | – | ||
Schott's century plant | AGSC3 | Agave schottii | 0–11 | – | ||
Palmer's century plant | AGPA3 | Agave palmeri | 1–11 | – | ||
smallflower century plant | AGPA5 | Agave parviflora | 0–6 | – | ||
goldenhead | ACAMP | Acamptopappus | 1–6 | – | ||
New Mexico copperleaf | ACNE | Acalypha neomexicana | 1–6 | – | ||
brownfoot | ACWR5 | Acourtia wrightii | 1–6 | – | ||
giant hyssop | AGAST | Agastache | 1–6 | – | ||
trailing windmills | ALIN | Allionia incarnata | 1–6 | – | ||
carelessweed | AMPA | Amaranthus palmeri | 1–6 | – | ||
Mexican yellowshow | AMPA3 | Amoreuxia palmatifida | 1–6 | – | ||
woolly angelica | ANTO | Angelica tomentosa | 1–6 | – | ||
tarragon | ARDR4 | Artemisia dracunculus | 1–6 | – | ||
Watson's dutchman's pipe | ARWA | Aristolochia watsonii | 1–6 | – | ||
dwarf milkweed | ASIN14 | Asclepias involucrata | 1–6 | – | ||
horsetail milkweed | ASSU2 | Asclepias subverticillata | 1–6 | – | ||
milkvetch | ASTRA | Astragalus | 1–6 | – | ||
dense ayenia | AYMI | Ayenia microphylla | 1–6 | – | ||
lyreleaf greeneyes | BELY | Berlandiera lyrata | 1–6 | – | ||
scarlet spiderling | BOCO | Boerhavia coccinea | 1–6 | – | ||
fringed redmaids | CACI2 | Calandrinia ciliata | 1–6 | – | ||
exserted Indian paintbrush | CAEXE | Castilleja exserta ssp. exserta | 1–6 | – | ||
castilla | CASTI | Castilla | 1–6 | – | ||
lambsquarters | CHAL7 | Chenopodium album | 1–6 | – | ||
hyssopleaf sandmat | CHHY3 | Chamaesyce hyssopifolia | 1–6 | – | ||
heal and draw | CHNU2 | Chaptalia nutans | 1–6 | – | ||
New Mexico thistle | CINE | Cirsium neomexicanum | 1–6 | – | ||
mala mujer | CNAN | Cnidoscolus angustidens | 1–6 | – | ||
scrambled eggs | COAU2 | Corydalis aurea | 1–6 | – | ||
anil falso | COCAC6 | Coursetia caribaea var. caribaea | 1–6 | – | ||
fingerleaf gourd | CUDI | Cucurbita digitata | 1–6 | – | ||
coyote gourd | CUPA | Cucurbita palmata | 1–6 | – | ||
American wild carrot | DAPU3 | Daucus pusillus | 1–6 | – | ||
New Mexico ticktrefoil | DENE | Desmodium neomexicanum | 1–6 | – | ||
western tansymustard | DEPI | Descurainia pinnata | 1–6 | – | ||
Abert's buckwheat | ERAB2 | Eriogonum abertianum | 1–6 | – | ||
miniature woollystar | ERDI2 | Eriastrum diffusum | 1–6 | – | ||
blanketflower | GAILL | Gaillardia | 1–6 | – | ||
Bisbee Peak rushrose | HESC2 | Helianthemum scoparium | 1–6 | – | ||
Indian rushpea | HOGL2 | Hoffmannseggia glauca | 1–6 | – | ||
hymenaea | HYMEN | Hymenaea | 1–6 | – | ||
Arizona poppy | KAGR | Kallstroemia grandiflora | 1–6 | – | ||
Coulter's horseweed | LACO13 | Laennecia coulteri | 1–6 | – | ||
Fendler's bladderpod | LEFE | Lesquerella fendleri | 1–6 | – | ||
Gordon's bladderpod | LEGO | Lesquerella gordonii | 1–6 | – | ||
intermediate pepperweed | LEVIM | Lepidium virginicum var. medium | 1–6 | – | ||
Lewis flax | LILE3 | Linum lewisii | 1–6 | – | ||
stiffstem flax | LIRI | Linum rigidum | 1–6 | – | ||
foothill deervetch | LOHU2 | Lotus humistratus | 1–6 | – | ||
coastal bird's-foot trefoil | LOSAB | Lotus salsuginosus var. brevivexillus | 1–6 | – | ||
lupine | LUPIN | Lupinus | 1–6 | – | ||
hoary tansyaster | MACA2 | Machaeranthera canescens | 1–6 | – | ||
blazingstar | MENTZ | Mentzelia | 1–6 | – | ||
lemon beebalm | MOCIA | Monarda citriodora ssp. austromontana | 1–6 | – | ||
green carpetweed | MOVE | Mollugo verticillata | 1–6 | – | ||
Arizona mousetail | MYCU | Myosurus cupulatus | 1–6 | – | ||
desert evening primrose | OEPR | Oenothera primiveris | 1–6 | – | ||
lakeshore panicgrass | PALA | Panicum lacustre | 1–6 | – | ||
Virginia creeper | PAQU2 | Parthenocissus quinquefolia | 1–6 | – | ||
phacelia | PHACE | Phacelia | 1–6 | – | ||
ivyleaf groundcherry | PHHE4 | Physalis hederifolia | 1–6 | – | ||
phlox | PHLOX | Phlox | 1–6 | – | ||
Arizona popcornflower | PLAR | Plagiobothrys arizonicus | 1–6 | – | ||
sweetscent | PLODO | Pluchea odorata var. odorata | 1–6 | – | ||
little hogweed | POOL | Portulaca oleracea | 1–6 | – | ||
doubleclaw | PRPA2 | Proboscidea parviflora | 1–6 | – | ||
slimflower scurfpea | PSTE5 | Psoralidium tenuiflorum | 1–6 | – | ||
thinleaf goldenhead | PYLI2 | Pyrrocoma linearis | 1–6 | – | ||
chia | SACO6 | Salvia columbariae | 1–6 | – | ||
twinleaf senna | SEBA3 | Senna bauhinioides | 1–6 | – | ||
velvet leaf senna | SELI4 | Senna lindheimeriana | 1–6 | – | ||
sleepy silene | SIAN2 | Silene antirrhina | 1–6 | – | ||
Missouri goldenrod | SOMI2 | Solidago missouriensis | 1–6 | – | ||
western silver aster | SYSE2 | Symphyotrichum sericeum | 1–6 | – | ||
jewels of Opar | TAPA2 | Talinum paniculatum | 1–6 | – | ||
Hopi tea greenthread | THME | Thelesperma megapotamicum | 1–6 | – | ||
stalked bur grass | TRRA | Tragus racemosus | 1–6 | – | ||
Fort Huachuca vervain | VEGR2 | Verbena gracilis | 1–6 | – | ||
Louisiana vetch | VILUL2 | Vicia ludoviciana ssp. ludoviciana | 1–6 | – | ||
Rocky Mountain zinnia | ZIGR | Zinnia grandiflora | 1–6 | – | ||
purple pricklypear | OPMAM | Opuntia macrocentra var. macrocentra | 0–2 | – | ||
tulip pricklypear | OPPH | Opuntia phaeacantha | 0–2 | – | ||
banana yucca | YUBA | Yucca baccata | 0–2 | – | ||
Schott's yucca | YUSC | Yucca ×schottii | 0–2 | – | ||
dollarjoint pricklypear | OPCH | Opuntia chlorotica | 0–2 | – | ||
white fishhook cactus | ECIN2 | Echinomastus intertextus | 0–1 | – | ||
Leding's hedgehog cactus | ECLE2 | Echinocereus ledingii | 0–1 | – | ||
rainbow hedgehog cactus | ECRI3 | Echinocereus rigidissimus | 0–1 | – | ||
spinystar | ESVIV | Escobaria vivipara var. vivipara | 0–1 | – | ||
candy barrelcactus | FEWI | Ferocactus wislizeni | 0–1 | – | ||
Graham's nipple cactus | MAGR9 | Mammillaria grahamii | 0–1 | – | ||
Macdougal's nipple cactus | MAHEM | Mammillaria heyderi var. macdougalii | 0–1 | – | ||
Wright's nipple cactus | MAWR2 | Mammillaria wrightii | 0–1 | – | ||
Parry's agave | AGPA4 | Agave parryi | 0–1 | – | ||
Santa Cruz beehive cactus | CORE3 | Coryphantha recurvata | 0–1 | – | ||
Scheer's beehive cactus | COROS | Coryphantha robustispina ssp. scheeri | 0–1 | – | ||
walkingstick cactus | CYSP8 | Cylindropuntia spinosior | 0–1 | – | ||
common sotol | DAWH2 | Dasylirion wheeleri | 0–1 | – | ||
scarlet hedgehog cactus | ECCOC | Echinocereus coccineus var. coccineus | 0–1 | – | ||
pinkflower hedgehog cactus | ECFEF3 | Echinocereus fendleri ssp. fendleri | 0–1 | – | ||
goldenflower century plant | AGCH2 | Agave chrysantha | 0–1 | – | ||
Tree
|
||||||
12 | Trees | 56–280 | ||||
Emory oak | QUEM | Quercus emoryi | 28–168 | – | ||
Arizona white oak | QUAR | Quercus arizonica | 0–112 | – | ||
Mexican blue oak | QUOB | Quercus oblongifolia | 0–28 | – | ||
alligator juniper | JUDE2 | Juniperus deppeana | 0–28 | – | ||
oneseed juniper | JUMO | Juniperus monosperma | 0–11 | – | ||
Mexican pinyon | PICE | Pinus cembroides | 0–11 | – | ||
border pinyon | PIDI3 | Pinus discolor | 0–11 | – |
Interpretations
Animal community
The plant community on this site is suitable for grazing by all classes of livestock at any season. Due to the presence of cool season grasses, perennial forbs and evergreen browse species, this site is especially well suited to winter-spring grazing when nearby upland areas are deficient in protein. Steep slopes, cobbly surfaces and areas of rock outcrop limit grazing distribution on this site. Fencing large areas of this site from adjacent uplands and grazing during the cool season will allow effective management of the forage resources. The site tends to have water in canyons during the winter and spring. Mountain lion predation on calves can be severe. Grazing dry cows and/or yearlings in the cool season and moving cows off as they calve will help avoid lion predation. Annual goldeneye and bitterweed can cause poisoning in the fall following years with wet winter-spring seasons. Locoweed can cause problems in dry springs following wet fall-winter seasons.
Mule deer and Coues whitetail deer both find excellent habitat on this site and can occur intermingled. The abundance of succulents like amole, prickly pear and cholla, together with good production of annual forbs, gives this site a very high carrying capacity for javalina. Natural water occurs infrequently as seeps or springs. Water developments are very important to the larger mammals using the site, as well as to numerous bird and small mammal species. Natural fires are important to maintain a balance between trees, shrubs, grasses and forbs; and benefit the many wildlife species on this site.
Hydrological functions
With shallow, clayey soils and steep slopes this site is a good producer of runoff.
Recreational uses
Hunting, horseback riding, hiking, camping, photography, prospecting, bird watching
Wood products
Oak species furnish fuel-wood and juniper species furnish posts and stays.
Other products
Acorns and chilitepins (wild chile peppers) for food. Agave for mescal making. Starleaf and hoptree for bug repellent. Rocks.
Supporting information
Inventory data references
Range 417s include 2 in good condition.
Type locality
Location 1: Cochise County, AZ | |
---|---|
Township/Range/Section | T11S R22E S17 |
General legal description | Willcox Field Office - Sierra Bonita Ranch |
Location 2: Pima County, AZ | |
Latitude | 30° 33′ 30″ |
Longitude | 110° 52′ 30″ |
General legal description | Tucson Field Office - Salero Ranch - un-surveyed - Grosvenor Hills |
Location 3: Santa Cruz County, AZ | |
Township/Range/Section | T23S R11E S24 |
General legal description | Bear Valley Ranch, Penasco Canyon |
Location 4: Cochise County, AZ | |
Township/Range/Section | T12S R22E S33 |
General legal description | SE 1/4, NW 1/4 of section; Willcox Field Office, Warbonnet Ranch, Winchester Mountains |
Contributors
Dan Robinett
Larry D. Ellicott
Approval
Curtis Talbot, 4/09/2021
Rangeland health reference sheet
Interpreting Indicators of Rangeland Health is a qualitative assessment protocol used to determine ecosystem condition based on benchmark characteristics described in the Reference Sheet. A suite of 17 (or more) indicators are typically considered in an assessment. The ecological site(s) representative of an assessment location must be known prior to applying the protocol and must be verified based on soils and climate. Current plant community cannot be used to identify the ecological site.
Author(s)/participant(s) | |
---|---|
Contact for lead author | |
Date | 08/17/2024 |
Approved by | Curtis Talbot |
Approval date | |
Composition (Indicators 10 and 12) based on | Annual Production |
Indicators
-
Number and extent of rills:
-
Presence of water flow patterns:
-
Number and height of erosional pedestals or terracettes:
-
Bare ground from Ecological Site Description or other studies (rock, litter, lichen, moss, plant canopy are not bare ground):
-
Number of gullies and erosion associated with gullies:
-
Extent of wind scoured, blowouts and/or depositional areas:
-
Amount of litter movement (describe size and distance expected to travel):
-
Soil surface (top few mm) resistance to erosion (stability values are averages - most sites will show a range of values):
-
Soil surface structure and SOM content (include type of structure and A-horizon color and thickness):
-
Effect of community phase composition (relative proportion of different functional groups) and spatial distribution on infiltration and runoff:
-
Presence and thickness of compaction layer (usually none; describe soil profile features which may be mistaken for compaction on this site):
-
Functional/Structural Groups (list in order of descending dominance by above-ground annual-production or live foliar cover using symbols: >>, >, = to indicate much greater than, greater than, and equal to):
Dominant:
Sub-dominant:
Other:
Additional:
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Amount of plant mortality and decadence (include which functional groups are expected to show mortality or decadence):
-
Average percent litter cover (%) and depth ( in):
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Expected annual annual-production (this is TOTAL above-ground annual-production, not just forage annual-production):
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Potential invasive (including noxious) species (native and non-native). List species which BOTH characterize degraded states and have the potential to become a dominant or co-dominant species on the ecological site if their future establishment and growth is not actively controlled by management interventions. Species that become dominant for only one to several years (e.g., short-term response to drought or wildfire) are not invasive plants. Note that unlike other indicators, we are describing what is NOT expected in the reference state for the ecological site:
-
Perennial plant reproductive capability:
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The Ecosystem Dynamics Interpretive Tool is an information system framework developed by the USDA-ARS Jornada Experimental Range, USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service, and New Mexico State University.
Click on box and path labels to scroll to the respective text.