Ecological site F043AY514WA

General information

Provisional. A provisional ecological site description has undergone quality control and quality assurance review. It contains a working state and transition model and enough information to identify the ecological site.

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Figure 1. Mapped extent

Areas shown in blue indicate the maximum mapped extent of this ecological site. Other ecological sites likely occur within the highlighted areas. It is also possible for this ecological site to occur outside of highlighted areas if detailed soil survey has not been completed or recently updated.

MLRA notes

Major Land Resource Area (MLRA): 043A–Northern Rocky Mountains

Description of MLRAs can be found in: United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2006. Land Resource Regions and Major Land Resource Areas of the United States, the Caribbean, and the Pacific Basin. U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 296.

LRU notes

Most commonly found in LRU 43A01 (Okanogan Plateau). This LRU is composed predominantly of glaciated slopes of foothills and mountains west of the Republic Graben and Sanpoil River. The LRU is in the portion of the Northern Rocky Mountains that was subjected to continental glaciation. The soils tend to be loamy andisols, mollisols and inceptisols with mixed to thick ash surfaces. Till, outwash and glacially scoured granitics are the dominant parent materials. Soil climate is a frigid or cryic temperature regime and xeric moisture regime with average annual precipitation around 450 mm (18 inches) and an average annual air temperature around 6.3 degrees C (43 degrees F). Elevation ranges from about 560 to 1530 m (2,540 to 5,020 feet).

Classification relationships

Relationship to Other Established Classifications:

United States National Vegetation Classification (2008) - A3395 Douglas fir- P. Pine / Herbaceous Understory Central Rocky Mt. Forest & Woodland Alliance

Washington Natural Heritage Program. Ecosystems of Washington State, A Guide to Identification, Rocchio and Crawford, 2015 - Northern Rocky Mt. Dry-Mesic Montane Mixed Conifer Forest (D. Fir – Pine)

Description of Ecoregions of the United States, USFS PN # 1391, 1995 - M333 Northern Rocky Mt. Forest-Steppe-Coniferous Forest-Alpine Meadow Province

Level III and IV Ecoregions of WA, US EPA, June 2010 - 15x Okanogan Highland Dry Forest. 15w Western Selkirk Maritime Forest. 15r Okanogan – Colville Xeric Valleys & Foothills.

This ecological site includes the following USDA Forest Service Plant Associations: PSME/CARU (Douglas-fir Series). (Williams et. al. 1995)

Ecological site concept

This site consists of hillslopes and mountain slopes with the following characteristics: loamy soil materials; a water table (perched or apparent) more than 75 cm (30 in) below the soil surface during the April to October period; a volcanic ash mantle less than 18cm (7 inches) thick; cumulative available water capacity to 100 cm (40 inches) of more than 7.5 cm (3 inches); PSME/CARU habitat type.

Table 1. Dominant plant species

Tree	(1) Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca (2) Larix occidentalis
Shrub	Not specified
Herbaceous	(1) Calamagrostis rubescens (2) Carex geyeri

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Physiographic features

Physiographic Features
Landscapes: Mountains, Foothills
Landform: sideslopes, foot slopes, outwash terraces

Elevation: Total range = 390 to 1845 m
(1,280 to 6,050 feet)
Central tendency = 805 to 1220 m
(2,640 to 4,000 feet)

Slope (percent): Total range = 0 to 85 percent
Central tendency = 15 to 40 percent

Central tendency = 345-40-130

Aspect (degrees):
Total range = 30-170-0
Central tendency = 100-170-260

Table 2. Representative physiographic features

Geomorphic position, terraces	(1) Tread
Geomorphic position, hills	(1) Side Slope (2) Base Slope
Landforms	(1) Mountains > Mountain slope (2) Foothills > Hillslope (3) Foothills > Outwash terrace
Flooding frequency	None
Ponding frequency	None
Elevation	2,640 – 4,000 ft
Slope	15 – 40%
Aspect	SE, S, SW

Table 3. Representative physiographic features (actual ranges)

Flooding frequency	Not specified
Ponding frequency	Not specified
Elevation	1,280 – 6,050 ft
Slope	80%

Climatic features

Climatic Features
Frost-free period (days): Total range = 75 to 145 days
Central tendency = 100 to 115 days

Mean annual precipitation (cm): Total range = 285 to 835 mm
(11 to 33 inches)
Central tendency = 445 to 600 mm
(17 to 24 inches)

MAAT (C) Total range = 2.6 to 10.5
(37 to 51 F)
Central tendency = 5.6 to 7.6
(42 to 46 F)

Climate Stations: ALDER CREEK, CLYDE, LEMANASKY LAKE 1, LEMANASKY LAKE 2, LEMANASKY LAKE 3, STEHEKIN 3 NW, STEHEKIN 4 NW, WELLPINIT, Cedar Creek, Peony

Table 4. Representative climatic features

Frost-free period (characteristic range)	100-115 days
Freeze-free period (characteristic range)
Precipitation total (characteristic range)	17-24 in
Frost-free period (actual range)	75-145 days
Freeze-free period (actual range)
Precipitation total (actual range)	11-33 in

Soil features

Representative Soil Features

This ecological subsite is associated with several soil series (e.g. Merkel, Republic, Koepke, Brevco). The soil components can be grouped into: Vitrandic Haploxerepts, Vitrandic Haploxerolls, Vitrandic Dystroxerepts, and Vitrandic Haploxeralfs. These soils have developed in mixed Mazama tephra deposits over till, outwash and residuum and colluvium from granitic, metamorphic and volcanic rock. The tephra influenced layers are important for forest productivity in that they retain large amounts of water compared to other parent materials, have high cation exchange capacity and high availability of organically bound plant nutrients. The soils range from moderately deep to very deep and have adequate available water capacity to a depth of 1 m. The soils are mostly well-drained.

Parent Materials:
Kind: Tephra (volcanic ash)
Origin: mixed
Kind: till, residuum and colluvium, and outwash
Origin: Granitic, Metamorphic and Volcanic rock

Surface Texture:
(1)Ashy Sandy loam
(2)Gravelly Ashy Sandy loam
(3)Ashy Loam

Fragment content of surface: 0 to 30 percent (median = 15%)

Subsurface Texture Group: Loamy
Fragment content of subsurface (10 to 150cm, weighted avg.): 4 to 65 percent (median = 24%)
Most components lack fragments on the surface
Drainage Class: Well drained (3% Moderately Well drained and 3% Somewhat Excessively drained components)
Saturated Hydraulic conductivity: Moderately high to Very High (above restrictions)
Soil Depth: 80% of components have some kind of restriction within 150 cm
Lithic contacts when present are at 61 to 114cm (median = 91cm)
Densic contacts when present are at 53 to 107cm (median = 74 cm)
Calcium Carbonate Equivalent (percent): 0
Soil Reaction (1:1 Water): 5.6 to 7.3
Available Water Capacity (total in 100cm): 7.7 to 17.6cm (median = 10.6cm)

Table 5. Representative soil features

Parent material	(1) Volcanic ash (2) Till (3) Outwash (4) Residuum – granite and gneiss (5) Colluvium – granite and gneiss
Surface texture	(1) Ashy sandy loam (2) Ashy, gravelly sandy loam (3) Ashy loam
Drainage class	Well drained
Permeability class	Moderately rapid
Depth to restrictive layer	30 in
Soil depth	60 in
Surface fragment cover >3"	Not specified
Available water capacity (0-40in)	4.2 in
Calcium carbonate equivalent (0-60in)	Not specified
Soil reaction (1:1 water) (0-60in)	Not specified
Subsurface fragment volume <=3" (4-60in)	24%

Table 6. Representative soil features (actual values)

Drainage class	Moderately well drained to somewhat excessively drained
Permeability class	Moderate to very rapid
Depth to restrictive layer	21 – 80 in
Soil depth	34 – 80 in
Surface fragment cover >3"	9%
Available water capacity (0-40in)	3 – 6.9 in
Calcium carbonate equivalent (0-60in)	Not specified
Soil reaction (1:1 water) (0-60in)	5.6 – 7.3
Subsurface fragment volume <=3" (4-60in)	4 – 65%

Common name	Symbol	Site index low	Site index high	CMAI low	CMAI high	Age of CMAI	Site index curve code	Site index curve basis
ponderosa pine	PIPO	90	108	85	118	40	–	–
Rocky Mountain Douglas-fir	PSMEG	71	79	63	79	100	–	–
Rocky Mountain Douglas-fir	PSMEG	62	69	60	76	123	–	–
western larch	LAOC	60	70	54	73	50	–	–

Rangeland health reference sheet

Interpreting Indicators of Rangeland Health is a qualitative assessment protocol used to determine ecosystem condition based on benchmark characteristics described in the Reference Sheet. A suite of 17 (or more) indicators are typically considered in an assessment. The ecological site(s) representative of an assessment location must be known prior to applying the protocol and must be verified based on soils and climate. Current plant community cannot be used to identify the ecological site.

Author(s)/participant(s)
Contact for lead author
Date	09/12/2022
Approved by	Curtis Talbot
Approval date
Composition (Indicators 10 and 12) based on	Annual Production

Indicators

Number and extent of rills:
Presence of water flow patterns:
Number and height of erosional pedestals or terracettes:
Bare ground from Ecological Site Description or other studies (rock, litter, lichen, moss, plant canopy are not bare ground):
Number of gullies and erosion associated with gullies:
Extent of wind scoured, blowouts and/or depositional areas:
Amount of litter movement (describe size and distance expected to travel):
Soil surface (top few mm) resistance to erosion (stability values are averages - most sites will show a range of values):
Soil surface structure and SOM content (include type of structure and A-horizon color and thickness):
Effect of community phase composition (relative proportion of different functional groups) and spatial distribution on infiltration and runoff:
Presence and thickness of compaction layer (usually none; describe soil profile features which may be mistaken for compaction on this site):
Functional/Structural Groups (list in order of descending dominance by above-ground annual-production or live foliar cover using symbols: >>, >, = to indicate much greater than, greater than, and equal to):

Dominant:

Sub-dominant:

Other:

Additional:
Amount of plant mortality and decadence (include which functional groups are expected to show mortality or decadence):
Average percent litter cover (%) and depth ( in):
Expected annual annual-production (this is TOTAL above-ground annual-production, not just forage annual-production):
Potential invasive (including noxious) species (native and non-native). List species which BOTH characterize degraded states and have the potential to become a dominant or co-dominant species on the ecological site if their future establishment and growth is not actively controlled by management interventions. Species that become dominant for only one to several years (e.g., short-term response to drought or wildfire) are not invasive plants. Note that unlike other indicators, we are describing what is NOT expected in the reference state for the ecological site:
Perennial plant reproductive capability:

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Ecological site F043AY514WA

Cool-Frigid, Xeric, Loamy Mountainsides, mixed ash surface (Douglas Fir/Cool Dry Grass) Pseudotsuga menziesii - Calamagrostis rubescens

Last updated: 10/14/2020 Accessed: 04/24/2024