Natural Resources
Conservation Service
Ecological site R058AY737MT
Saline Subirrigated 10-19
Last updated: 8/29/2024
Accessed: 11/21/2024
General information
Provisional. A provisional ecological site description has undergone quality control and quality assurance review. It contains a working state and transition model and enough information to identify the ecological site.
MLRA notes
Major Land Resource Area (MLRA): 058A–Northern Rolling High Plains, Northern Part
MLRA 058A, Northern Rolling High Plains (Northern Part), is an expansive and agriculturally and ecologically significant area encompassing 26 counties in southeast Montana (99 percent) and northeast Wyoming (1 percent). It stretches approximately 290 miles from east to west and 220 miles from north to south and comprises approximately 42,350 square miles (26,875,928 acres). The area is within the Missouri Plateau, Unglaciated, Section of the Great Plains Province of the Interior Plains. It is an area of old plateaus and terraces that have been eroded. Slopes generally are gently rolling to steep, and wide belts of steeply sloping badlands border a few of the larger river valleys. In some areas flat-topped, steep-sided buttes rise sharply above the general level of the plains. Elevations generally range from 2,950 to 3,280 feet, increasing from east to west and from north to south.
Tertiary continental shale, siltstone, and sandstone of the Fort Union Formation underlie the eastern one-third to one-half of this area. Marine and continental sediments of the Cretaceous Montana Group underlie the rest of the MLRA, generally at the higher elevations. There are also younger Cretaceous sediments of the Livingston Group occurring between the higher elevation Montana Group sediments and the lower elevation Tertiary sediments. The dominant soil orders in MLRA 058A are Entisols and Inceptisols. The soils in the area dominantly have a frigid soil temperature regime, an ustic soil moisture regime, and mixed or smectitic mineralogy. They range from shallow to very deep and are generally well drained and clayey or loamy.
The area primarily supports native prairie vegetation characterized by a variety of cool-season and warm-season graminoids, forbs, and shrubs. In the western portion of the area, cool-season grasses such as western wheatgrass and bluebunch wheatgrass are dominant but, in the eastern portion of the area, warm-season grasses such as little bluestem and sideoats grama become dominant. Wyoming big sagebrush, silver sagebrush, and fringed sagewort are common shrub species throughout the area. Forested areas occur in rough hilly areas and river breaks, particularly in areas with higher precipitation. Common tree species are ponderosa pine and Rocky Mountain juniper with scattered pockets of Douglas fir.
More than 75 percent of this MLRA is native rangeland utilized for livestock production and more than 50 percent of the MLRA consists of privately-owned ranches. Approximately 15 percent of the MLRA is used as cropland. Other land uses including forestland, urban development, water, and other uses combine for less than 10 percent of the total land use.
Classification relationships
NRCS Soil Geography Hierarchy
• Land Resource Region: Western Great Plains
• Major Land Resource Area (MLRA): 058A Northern Rolling High Plains, Northern Part
National Hierarchical Framework of Ecological Units (Cleland et al., 1997; McNab et al., 2007)
• Domain: Dry
• Division: Temperate Steppe
• Province: Great Plains-Palouse Dry Steppe Province (331)
• Section: North Central Highlands (331K) and Powder River Basin (331G)
National Vegetation Classification Standard (Federal Geographic Data Committee, 2008)
• Class: Mesomorphic Shrub and Herb Vegetation Class (2)
• Subclass: Shrub and Herb Wetland Subclass (2.C)
• Formation: Salt Marsh Formation (2.C.5)
• Division: Distichlis spicata - Hordeum jubatum Great Plains Saline Marsh Division (2.C.5.Na)
• Macrogroup: Great Plains Saline Wet Meadow and Marsh Macrogroup (2.C.5.Na.1)
• Group: Western Great Plains Saline Wet Meadow Group (2.C.5.Na.1.b)
EPA Ecoregions
• Level 1: Great Plains (9)
• Level 2: West-Central Semi-Arid Prairies (9.3)
• Level 3: Northwestern Great Plains (9.3.3)
• Level 4: Montana Central Grasslands (43n), River Breaks (43c), and Pine Scoria Hills (43p)
Ecological site concept
This ecological site occurs on drainageways, stream terraces, or floodplain steps at elevations ranging from 1,900 to 3,500 feet where salt and/or alkali accumulations are apparent and salt tolerant species dominate the plant community composition. This ecological site can also occur around pond margins, particularly if the water recedes but a permanent water table is maintained. Slopes are generally less than 4 percent. This site occurs on all aspects, although aspect is not a significant factor. The soil textures are typically clay loam but may range from loam to clay or silty clay.
Associated sites
R058AY723MT |
Wet Meadow 10-19 The Wet Meadow ecological site is found adjacent to the Saline Subirrigated ecological site, usually in depressions or concave areas where flooding is very frequent and a water table is shallow and persistent. |
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R058AY713MT |
Saline Overflow 10-14 Saline Overflow ecological site is found adjacent to the Saline Subirrigated ecological site, usually on higher terraces where groundwater is farther from the surface. |
Similar sites
R058AY723MT |
Wet Meadow 10-19 This site differs from the Saline Subirrigated ecological site in that the soils do not contain accumulated salts in the upper 4 inches and the depth to a water table is less than 24 inches. |
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R058AY738MT |
Subirrigated 10-19 This site differs from the Saline Subirrigated ecological site in that the soils do not contain accumulated salts in the upper 4 inches Depth to a water table is 24 to 40 inches. |
Table 1. Dominant plant species
Tree |
Not specified |
---|---|
Shrub |
(1) Sarcobatus vermiculatus |
Herbaceous |
(1) Sporobolus airoides |
Click on box and path labels to scroll to the respective text.
Ecosystem states
T1A | - | Prolonged drought, improper grazing, or a combination of these factors |
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T1B | - | Introduction of invasive species (non-native perennial grasses, noxious weeds, etc.) |
T1C | - | Tillage or herbicide application and seeding of annual crops or non-native hayland |
R2A | - | Proper grazing management in combination with rangeland seeding, grazing land mechanical treatment, and timely moisture (management intensive and costly). |
T2A | - | Introduction of non-native invasive species (non-native perennial grasses, noxious weeds, etc.) |
T2B | - | Tillage or herbicide application and seeding of annual crops or non-native hayland |
T3A | - | Tillage or herbicide application and seeding of annual crops or non-native hayland |
T4A | - | Cessation of annual cropping |
T5A | - | Tillage or herbicide application and seeding of annual crops or non-native hayland |
State 1 submodel, plant communities
1.1A | - | Drought, improper grazing management |
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1.2A | - | Normal or above average precipitation, proper grazing management |