The reference state has largely been replaced by the cutover state. There are only few acres here and there that were untouched during the logging era (1870 to 1920).
The Cutover State is the most common. The logging era and subsequent forest management and land development has touched nearly every acre. Not to say this state can't resemble the reference state after many years have past but it's does have the old stumps for decades and coarse woody debris, downed logs and snags that function as den trees are probably missing from this state.
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The Ecosystem Dynamics Interpretive Tool is an information system framework developed by the USDA-ARS Jornada Experimental Range, USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service, and New Mexico State University.
) icon wherever it occurs. Drag and drop items to reorder. Cookies are used to store briefcase items between browsing sessions. Because of this, the number of items that can be added to your briefcase is limited, and briefcase items added on one device and browser cannot be accessed from another device or browser. Users who do not wish to place cookies on their devices should not use the briefcase tool. Briefcase cookies serve no other purpose than described here and are deleted whenever browsing history is cleared.
