Major Land Resource Area 098X
Southern Michigan and Northern Indiana Drift Plains
Accessed: 12/30/2024
Previous
Sections
Next
Next steps
-
1
Select an ecological site
Select an ecological site using the list, keys, photos, briefcase, or quick search option located on this page. -
2
Explore the ecological site description
Next, learn more about the selected ecological site and its characteristic dynamics by browsing the ecological site description and exploring alternative state and transition model formats.
Ecological site list
Tools
Search
Filter by
interactive key
precipitation
frost free days
more..
clear all
Sort by
id
name
stage
Viewing 20 of 27
View all
-
i
Key Characteristics
- Part of the Central Hardwoods region, fire locally important (mostly Great Lakes watershed).
- Floodplain.
- Non-Hydric Soil (somewhat poorly to well drained).
-
i
Key Characteristics
- Part of the Central Hardwoods region, fire locally important (mostly Great Lakes watershed).
- Floodplain.
- Hydric Soil (poorly or very poorly drained).
-
i
Key Characteristics
- Part of the Central Hardwoods region, fire locally important (mostly Great Lakes watershed).
- Non-Floodplain.
- Histosol or Histic Subgroup (peat or muck surface ≥ 20 cm thick).
- Non-salty sites, electrical conductivity of the upper 50 cm of soil < 4 mmhos/cm.
- Mean pH of the top 50 cm ≥ 5.0, or euic reaction class.
-
i
Key Characteristics
- Part of the Central Hardwoods region, fire locally important (mostly Great Lakes watershed).
- Non-Floodplain.
- Histosol or Histic Subgroup (peat or muck surface ≥ 20 cm thick).
- Non-salty sites, electrical conductivity of the upper 50 cm of soil < 4 mmhos/cm.
- Mean pH of the top 50 cm < 5.0, or dysic reaction class.
-
i
Key Characteristics
- Part of the Central Hardwoods region, fire locally important (mostly Great Lakes watershed).
- Non-Floodplain.
- Mineral Soil with no histic epipedon (if any peat or muck surface, it is < 20 cm thick).
- Deep Soil (≥ 150 cm), or seasonal water table < 100 cm.
- Loamy Site: < 80% sand in the top 150 cm or < 70% sand in the top 50 cm; and not in ultic subgroup unless pH ≥6 or clay ≥20%.
- No seasonal water table (well drained or drier).
- Slope < 15%.
- Not Mollisols (A horizon < 18 cm thick or < 50% base saturation, Alfisols, Entisols, Inceptisols, etc.), historically forest or savanna.
- North of the Grand River, cooler/shorter growing season, white pine common.
-
i
Key Characteristics
- Part of the Central Hardwoods region, fire locally important (mostly Great Lakes watershed).
- Non-Floodplain.
- Mineral Soil with no histic epipedon (if any peat or muck surface, it is < 20 cm thick).
- Deep Soil (≥ 150 cm), or seasonal water table < 100 cm.
- Loamy Site: < 80% sand in the top 150 cm or < 70% sand in the top 50 cm; and not in ultic subgroup unless pH ≥6 or clay ≥20%.
- Seasonal water table present (moderately well drained or wetter).
- Non-hydric Soil (somewhat poorly to moderately well drained).
-
i
Key Characteristics
- Part of the Central Hardwoods region, fire locally important (mostly Great Lakes watershed).
- Non-Floodplain.
- Mineral Soil with no histic epipedon (if any peat or muck surface, it is < 20 cm thick).
- Deep Soil (≥ 150 cm), or seasonal water table < 100 cm.
- Loamy Site: < 80% sand in the top 150 cm or < 70% sand in the top 50 cm; and not in ultic subgroup unless pH ≥6 or clay ≥20%.
- Seasonal water table present (moderately well drained or wetter).
- Hydric Soil (poorly to very poorly drained).
-
i
Key Characteristics
- Part of the Central Hardwoods region, fire locally important (mostly Great Lakes watershed).
- Non-Floodplain.
- Mineral Soil with no histic epipedon (if any peat or muck surface, it is < 20 cm thick).
- Deep Soil (≥ 150 cm), or seasonal water table < 100 cm.
- Sandy Site: ≥ 80% sand in the top 150 cm and ≥ 70% sand in the top 50 cm; or ≥ 80% sand in top 50 cm; or < 20% clay in top 150 cm, pH < 6, and ultic subgroup.
- No seasonal water table < 100 cm (well drained or drier).
- Slope < 15%.
- North of the Grand River, cooler/shorter growing season, white pine common.
-
i
Key Characteristics
- Part of the Central Hardwoods region, fire locally important (mostly Great Lakes watershed).
- Non-Floodplain.
- Mineral Soil with no histic epipedon (if any peat or muck surface, it is < 20 cm thick).
- Deep Soil (≥ 150 cm), or seasonal water table < 100 cm.
- Sandy Site: ≥ 80% sand in the top 150 cm and ≥ 70% sand in the top 50 cm; or ≥ 80% sand in top 50 cm; or < 20% clay in top 150 cm, pH < 6, and ultic subgroup.
- No seasonal water table < 100 cm (well drained or drier).
- Slope < 15%.
- South of the Grand River, warmer/longer growing season, white pine uncommon.
-
i
Key Characteristics
- Part of the Central Hardwoods region, fire locally important (mostly Great Lakes watershed).
- Non-Floodplain.
- Mineral Soil with no histic epipedon (if any peat or muck surface, it is < 20 cm thick).
- Deep Soil (≥ 150 cm), or seasonal water table < 100 cm.
- Loamy Site: < 80% sand in the top 150 cm or < 70% sand in the top 50 cm; and not in ultic subgroup unless pH ≥6 or clay ≥20%.
- No seasonal water table (well drained or drier).
- Slope < 15%.
- Not Mollisols (A horizon < 18 cm thick or < 50% base saturation, Alfisols, Entisols, Inceptisols, etc.), historically forest or savanna.
- South of the Grand River, warmer/longer growing season, white pine uncommon.
-
i
Key Characteristics
- Part of the Central Hardwoods region, fire locally important (mostly Great Lakes watershed).
- Non-Floodplain.
- Mineral Soil with no histic epipedon (if any peat or muck surface, it is < 20 cm thick).
- Deep Soil (≥ 150 cm), or seasonal water table < 100 cm.
- Sandy Site: ≥ 80% sand in the top 150 cm and ≥ 70% sand in the top 50 cm; or ≥ 80% sand in top 50 cm; or < 20% clay in top 150 cm, pH < 6, and ultic subgroup.
- Seasonal water table present < 100 cm (moderately well drained or wetter).
- Non-hydric Soil (somewhat poorly to moderately well drained).
- pH < 5.5 in the top 50 cm, Spodosols, or Spodic and Ultic subgroups.
-
i
Key Characteristics
- Part of the Central Hardwoods region, fire locally important (mostly Great Lakes watershed).
- Non-Floodplain.
- Mineral Soil with no histic epipedon (if any peat or muck surface, it is < 20 cm thick).
- Deep Soil (≥ 150 cm), or seasonal water table < 100 cm.
- Sandy Site: ≥ 80% sand in the top 150 cm and ≥ 70% sand in the top 50 cm; or ≥ 80% sand in top 50 cm; or < 20% clay in top 150 cm, pH < 6, and ultic subgroup.
- Seasonal water table present < 100 cm (moderately well drained or wetter).
- Non-hydric Soil (somewhat poorly to moderately well drained).
- pH ≥ 5.5 in the top 50 cm, Mollisols, or Mollic subgroups.
-
i
Key Characteristics
- Part of the Central Hardwoods region, fire locally important (mostly Great Lakes watershed).
- Non-Floodplain.
- Mineral Soil with no histic epipedon (if any peat or muck surface, it is < 20 cm thick).
- Deep Soil (≥ 150 cm), or seasonal water table < 100 cm.
- Sandy Site: ≥ 80% sand in the top 150 cm and ≥ 70% sand in the top 50 cm; or ≥ 80% sand in top 50 cm; or < 20% clay in top 150 cm, pH < 6, and ultic subgroup.
- Seasonal water table present < 100 cm (moderately well drained or wetter).
- Hydric Soil (poorly to very poorly drained).
- pH ≥ 5.5 in the top 50 cm, Mollisols, or Mollic subgroups.
-
i
Key Characteristics
- Part of the Central Hardwoods region, fire locally important (mostly Great Lakes watershed).
- Non-Floodplain.
- Mineral Soil with no histic epipedon (if any peat or muck surface, it is < 20 cm thick).
- Deep Soil (≥ 150 cm), or seasonal water table < 100 cm.
- Sandy Site: ≥ 80% sand in the top 150 cm and ≥ 70% sand in the top 50 cm; or ≥ 80% sand in top 50 cm; or < 20% clay in top 150 cm, pH < 6, and ultic subgroup.
- No seasonal water table < 100 cm (well drained or drier).
- Slope ≥ 15%.
-
i
Key Characteristics
- Part of the Central Hardwoods region, fire locally important (mostly Great Lakes watershed).
- Non-Floodplain.
- Mineral Soil with no histic epipedon (if any peat or muck surface, it is < 20 cm thick).
- Deep Soil (≥ 150 cm), or seasonal water table < 100 cm.
- Loamy Site: < 80% sand in the top 150 cm or < 70% sand in the top 50 cm; and not in ultic subgroup unless pH ≥6 or clay ≥20%.
- No seasonal water table (well drained or drier).
- Slope ≥ 15%.
-
i
Key Characteristics
- Part of the Central Hardwoods region, fire locally important (mostly Great Lakes watershed).
- Non-Floodplain.
- Mineral Soil with no histic epipedon (if any peat or muck surface, it is < 20 cm thick).
- Bedrock within 150 cm of surface, and no seasonal water table < 100 cm (well drained).
- Bedrock Sandstone, substrate generally acidic.
-
i
Key Characteristics
- Part of the Central Hardwoods region, fire locally important (mostly Great Lakes watershed).
- Non-Floodplain.
- Mineral Soil with no histic epipedon (if any peat or muck surface, it is < 20 cm thick).
- Bedrock within 150 cm of surface, and no seasonal water table < 100 cm (well drained).
- Bedrock Limestone or Dolostone, substrate generally calcareous.
-
i
Key Characteristics
- Part of the Prairie Peninsula, fire frequent and widespread (Kankakee Watershed, mostly below 220 m elevation).
- Floodplain.
- Non-Hydric Soil (somewhat poorly drained or drier).
-
i
Key Characteristics
- Part of the Prairie Peninsula, fire frequent and widespread (Kankakee Watershed, mostly below 220 m elevation).
- Floodplain.
- Hydric Soil (poorly or very poorly drained).
-
i
Key Characteristics
- Part of the Prairie Peninsula, fire frequent and widespread (Kankakee Watershed, mostly below 220 m elevation).
- Non-Floodplain.
- Mineral Soil with no histic epipedon (if any peat or muck surface, it is < 20 cm thick).
- Deep Soil (≥ 150 cm), or seasonal water table < 100 cm.
- No seasonal water table (well drained or drier).
-
i
Key Characteristics
- Part of the Prairie Peninsula, fire frequent and widespread (Kankakee Watershed, mostly below 220 m elevation).
- Non-Floodplain.
- Mineral Soil with no histic epipedon (if any peat or muck surface, it is < 20 cm thick).
- Deep Soil (≥ 150 cm), or seasonal water table < 100 cm.
- Seasonal water table present (moderately well drained or wetter).
- Non-hydric Soil (somewhat poorly to moderately well drained).
- pH < 5.5 in the top 50 cm, Spodosols, or Spodic and Ultic subgroups.
-
i
Key Characteristics
- Part of the Prairie Peninsula, fire frequent and widespread (Kankakee Watershed, mostly below 220 m elevation).
- Non-Floodplain.
- Mineral Soil with no histic epipedon (if any peat or muck surface, it is < 20 cm thick).
- Deep Soil (≥ 150 cm), or seasonal water table < 100 cm.
- Seasonal water table present (moderately well drained or wetter).
- Hydric Soil (poorly to very poorly drained).
- pH < 5.5 in the top 50 cm, Spodosols, or Spodic and Ultic subgroups.
-
i
Key Characteristics
- Part of the Central Hardwoods region, fire locally important (mostly Great Lakes watershed).
- Non-Floodplain.
- Histosol or Histic Subgroup (peat or muck surface ≥ 20 cm thick).
- Salty sites, mean electrical conductivity of the upper 50 cm of soil ≥ 4 mmhos/cm (wet muck); halophytes frequent.
-
i
Key Characteristics
- Part of the Central Hardwoods region, fire locally important (mostly Great Lakes watershed).
- Non-Floodplain.
- Mineral Soil with no histic epipedon (if any peat or muck surface, it is < 20 cm thick).
- Deep Soil (≥ 150 cm), or seasonal water table < 100 cm.
- Loamy Site: < 80% sand in the top 150 cm or < 70% sand in the top 50 cm; and not in ultic subgroup unless pH ≥6 or clay ≥20%.
- No seasonal water table (well drained or drier).
- Slope < 15%.
- Mollisol (dark A horizon ≥ 18 cm thick and ≥ 50% base saturation), historically prairie.
-
i
Key Characteristics
- Part of the Prairie Peninsula, fire frequent and widespread (Kankakee Watershed, mostly below 220 m elevation).
- Non-Floodplain.
- Histosol or Histic Subgroup (peat or muck surface ≥ 20 cm thick).
- Mean pH of the top 50 cm ≥ 5.0, or euic reaction class.
-
i
Key Characteristics
- Part of the Prairie Peninsula, fire frequent and widespread (Kankakee Watershed, mostly below 220 m elevation).
- Non-Floodplain.
- Mineral Soil with no histic epipedon (if any peat or muck surface, it is < 20 cm thick).
- Deep Soil (≥ 150 cm), or seasonal water table < 100 cm.
- Seasonal water table present (moderately well drained or wetter).
- Non-hydric Soil (somewhat poorly to moderately well drained).
- pH ≥ 5.5 in the top 50 cm, Mollisols, or Mollic subgroups.
-
i
Key Characteristics
- Part of the Prairie Peninsula, fire frequent and widespread (Kankakee Watershed, mostly below 220 m elevation).
- Non-Floodplain.
- Mineral Soil with no histic epipedon (if any peat or muck surface, it is < 20 cm thick).
- Deep Soil (≥ 150 cm), or seasonal water table < 100 cm.
- Seasonal water table present (moderately well drained or wetter).
- Hydric Soil (poorly to very poorly drained).
- pH ≥ 5.5 in the top 50 cm, Mollisols, or Mollic subgroups.
Ecological site map
Basemap
Topo
Road
Aerial
Hybrid
Find me
Find point
Full screen
Zoom in to display soil survey map units for an area of interest, and zoom out to display MLRAs. Select a map unit polygon to view ecological sites correlated to that map unit. View a brief description of an ecological site by clicking on its name in the map popup. Soil survey correlations may not be accurate, and ecological site classification of a location should always be verified in the field. Each selection may require the transfer of several hundred KB of data.
Ecological site keys
Key to Ecological Sites of MLRA 98
1a.
Part of the Central Hardwoods region, fire locally important (mostly Great Lakes watershed).
2a.
Floodplain.
2b.
Non-Floodplain.
4a.
Mineral Soil with no histic epipedon (if any peat or muck surface, it is < 20 cm thick).
5a.
Bedrock within 150 cm of surface, and no seasonal water table < 100 cm (well drained).
6b.
Bedrock Limestone or Dolostone, substrate generally calcareous.
... F098XA024MI – Limestone Drift Plains
5b.
Deep Soil (≥ 150 cm), or seasonal water table < 100 cm.
7a.
Sandy Site: ≥ 80% sand in the top 150 cm and ≥ 70% sand in the top 50 cm; or ≥ 80% sand in top 50 cm; or < 20% clay in top 150 cm, pH < 6, and ultic subgroup.
8a.
No seasonal water table < 100 cm (well drained or drier).
9b.
Slope < 15%.
10a.
North of the Grand River, cooler/shorter growing season, white pine common.
... F098XA013MI – Piney Dry Sandy Drift Plains
10b.
South of the Grand River, warmer/longer growing season, white pine uncommon.
... F098XA014MI – Dry Sandy Drift Plains
8b.
Seasonal water table present < 100 cm (moderately well drained or wetter).
11a.
Non-hydric Soil (somewhat poorly to moderately well drained).
12a.
pH ≥ 5.5 in the top 50 cm, Mollisols, or Mollic subgroups.
... F098XA019MI – Moist Sandy Drift Plains
12b.
pH < 5.5 in the top 50 cm, Spodosols, or Spodic and Ultic subgroups.
... F098XA017MI – Moist Acidic Drift Flats
11b.
Hydric Soil (poorly to very poorly drained).
13a.
pH ≥ 5.5 in the top 50 cm, Mollisols, or Mollic subgroups.
... F098XA020MI – Wet Sandy Drift Depressions
13b.
pH < 5.5 in the top 50 cm, Spodosols, or Spodic and Ultic subgroups.
... F098XA018MI – Wet Acidic Drift Depressions
7b.
Loamy Site: < 80% sand in the top 150 cm or < 70% sand in the top 50 cm; and not in ultic subgroup unless pH ≥6 or clay ≥20%.
14a.
No seasonal water table (well drained or drier).
15b.
Slope < 15%.
16a.
Mollisol (dark A horizon ≥ 18 cm thick and ≥ 50% base saturation), historically prairie.
... R098XA016MI – Prairie Loamy Drift Plains
16a.
Not Mollisols (A horizon < 18 cm thick or < 50% base saturation, Alfisols, Entisols, Inceptisols, etc.), historically forest or savanna.
17a.
North of the Grand River, cooler/shorter growing season, white pine common.
... F098XA008MI – Piney Dry Loamy Till Knolls
17b.
South of the Grand River, warmer/longer growing season, white pine uncommon.
... F098XA015MI – Dry Loamy Drift Plains
14b.
Seasonal water table present (moderately well drained or wetter).
18a.
Non-hydric Soil (somewhat poorly to moderately well drained).
... F098XA011MI – Moist Loamy Drift Plains
4b.
Histosol or Histic Subgroup (peat or muck surface ≥ 20 cm thick).
19a.
Salty sites, mean electrical conductivity of the upper 50 cm of soil ≥ 4 mmhos/cm (wet muck); halophytes frequent.
... R098XA002MI – Inland Salt Marshes
19b.
Non-salty sites, electrical conductivity of the upper 50 cm of soil < 4 mmhos/cm.
20b.
Mean pH of the top 50 cm < 5.0, or dysic reaction class.
... F098XA007MI – Acidic Peaty Depressions
1b.
Part of the Prairie Peninsula, fire frequent and widespread (Kankakee Watershed, mostly below 220 m elevation).
21a.
Floodplain.
22b.
Non-Hydric Soil (somewhat poorly drained or drier).
... F098XB025IN – Kankakee Moist Floodplains
21b.
Non-Floodplain.
23a.
Mineral Soil with no histic epipedon (if any peat or muck surface, it is < 20 cm thick).
24a.
Bedrock within 150 cm of surface, and no seasonal water table < 100 cm (well drained). --- see MLRA 110.
24b.
Deep Soil (≥ 150 cm), or seasonal water table < 100 cm.
25b.
Seasonal water table present (moderately well drained or wetter).
26a.
Non-hydric Soil (somewhat poorly to moderately well drained).
27a.
pH ≥ 5.5 in the top 50 cm, Mollisols, or Mollic subgroups.
... R098XB033IN – Kankakee Moist Drift Flats
27b.
pH < 5.5 in the top 50 cm, Spodosols, or Spodic and Ultic subgroups.
... F098XB031IN – Kankakee Acidic Interdunes
26b.
Hydric Soil (poorly to very poorly drained).
28a.
pH ≥ 5.5 in the top 50 cm, Mollisols, or Mollic subgroups.
... R098XB034IN – Kankakee Wet Drift Flats
28b.
pH < 5.5 in the top 50 cm, Spodosols, or Spodic and Ultic subgroups.
... F098XB032IN – Kankakee Wet Acidic Interdunes
23b.
Histosol or Histic Subgroup (peat or muck surface ≥ 20 cm thick).
29a.
Mean pH of the top 50 cm ≥ 5.0, or euic reaction class.
... R098XB028IN – Kankakee Mucky Depressions
29b.
Mean pH of the top 50 cm < 5.0, or dysic reaction class. --- F098XA007MI – Acidic Peaty Depressions
Ecological site photos
Tools
Filter by
interactive key
precipitation
frost free days
more..
clear all
Type
Image size
Print Options
Sections
Font
A
A
A
A
Other
Print
Briefcase
Add ecological sites and Major Land Resource Areas to your briefcase by clicking on the briefcase (
) icon wherever it occurs. Drag and drop items to reorder. Cookies are used to store briefcase items between browsing sessions. Because of this, the number of items that can be added to your briefcase is limited, and briefcase items added on one device and browser cannot be accessed from another device or browser. Users who do not wish to place cookies on their devices should not use the briefcase tool. Briefcase cookies serve no other purpose than described here and are deleted whenever browsing history is cleared.
Ecological sites
Major Land Resource Areas
The Ecosystem Dynamics Interpretive Tool is an information system framework developed by the USDA-ARS Jornada Experimental Range, USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service, and New Mexico State University.
