Reference community phase. 11/12/04 D Clausnitzer MU407
Kau silversword in reference community phase. 12/16/04 D Clausnitzer MU519
Pond in depression on Ainahou soil. 10/26/04 D Clausnitzer MU627
Closeup of pond on Ainahou soil. 10/26/04 D Clausnitzer MU627
This ES complexed with ES F159AY500.
Closeup on young pahoehoe. D Clausnitzer generic photo
Description
This state consists of one community phase. Much of this ecological site is of marginal value as grazing land. However, there are disturbances by introduced ungulates that result in loss of native species or reductions in their abundance that cause this state to transition to State 2 Grazed and Browsed.
Grazed area showing low wet spot with rushes. D Clausnitzer generic photo
Kapapala mauka grazed site. D Clausnitzer generic photo
Description
This state consists of one community phase. It differs from State 1 Reference by having lower diversity and production of native species due to the effects of introduced ungulates and by having been invaded by introduced plant species.
This state transitions to State 2 Grazed and Browsed by reduction or loss of native species due to grazing and browsing by introduced ungulates and by invasion by introduced plant species.
This state may be restored to State 1 Reference State by excluding all ungulates with a suitably designed fence. Spot weed removal must be done initially and continued in the long term. Missing native plant species must be reintroduced.
Model keys
Briefcase
Add ecological sites and Major Land Resource Areas to your briefcase by clicking on the briefcase () icon wherever it occurs. Drag and drop items to reorder. Cookies are used to store briefcase items between browsing sessions. Because of this, the number of items that can be added to your briefcase is limited, and briefcase items added on one device and browser cannot be accessed from another device or browser. Users who do not wish to place cookies on their devices should not use the briefcase tool. Briefcase cookies serve no other purpose than described here and are deleted whenever browsing history is cleared.
The Ecosystem Dynamics Interpretive Tool is an information system framework developed by the USDA-ARS Jornada Experimental Range, USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service, and New Mexico State University.
) icon wherever it occurs. Drag and drop items to reorder. Cookies are used to store briefcase items between browsing sessions. Because of this, the number of items that can be added to your briefcase is limited, and briefcase items added on one device and browser cannot be accessed from another device or browser. Users who do not wish to place cookies on their devices should not use the briefcase tool. Briefcase cookies serve no other purpose than described here and are deleted whenever browsing history is cleared.
