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Ecological site R024XY008OR

CLAYEY PLAYETTE

Accessed: 04/19/2024

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General information

Provisional. A provisional ecological site description has undergone quality control and quality assurance review. It contains a working state and transition model and enough information to identify the ecological site.

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Figure 1. Mapped extent

Areas shown in blue indicate the maximum mapped extent of this ecological site. Other ecological sites likely occur within the highlighted areas. It is also possible for this ecological site to occur outside of highlighted areas if detailed soil survey has not been completed or recently updated.

Ecological site concept

This ecological site is mostly mapped in MLRA 23. Soils are well drained with an ochric epipdeon, other characteristics are unclear. ESC needs work.

Associated sites

R024XY004OR	DRY FLOODPLAIN 6-10 PZ Dry Floodplain (very deep loamy soil, high production, LECI4 dominant)
R024XY016OR	LOAMY 8-10 PZ Loamy 8-10 PZ (upland site, moderately deep loam, higher production, different composition ARTRW8/ACTH7-PSSPS-ACHY association)
R024XY123OR	LOW CLAYEY TERRACE 8-10 PZ Low Clayey Terrace 8-10 PZ (higher production, thicker surface, clayey subsoil contact not as abrupt, different composition – PSSPS dominant grass)

R024XY004OR

DRY FLOODPLAIN 6-10 PZ

Dry Floodplain (very deep loamy soil, high production, LECI4 dominant)

R024XY016OR

LOAMY 8-10 PZ

Loamy 8-10 PZ (upland site, moderately deep loam, higher production, different composition ARTRW8/ACTH7-PSSPS-ACHY association)

R024XY123OR

LOW CLAYEY TERRACE 8-10 PZ

Low Clayey Terrace 8-10 PZ (higher production, thicker surface, clayey subsoil contact not as abrupt, different composition – PSSPS dominant grass)

Similar sites

R024XY123OR	LOW CLAYEY TERRACE 8-10 PZ Low Clayey Terrace 8-10 PZ (higher production, thicker surface, clayey subsoil contact not as abrupt, different composition – PSSPS dominant grass)

R024XY123OR

LOW CLAYEY TERRACE 8-10 PZ

Low Clayey Terrace 8-10 PZ (higher production, thicker surface, clayey subsoil contact not as abrupt, different composition – PSSPS dominant grass)

Table 1. Dominant plant species

Tree	Not specified
Shrub	(1) Artemisia tridentata subsp. wyomingensis
Herbaceous	(1) Elymus elymoides (2) Poa secunda

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Physiographic features

This site occurs in dry lake basins and valley floors. It is typically found on the flat valley floor. The site appears as a dry playa with regular pattern of very small coppices and playettes. Slopes range from 0-3 percent and elevations from 4000 to 4600 feet.

Table 2. Representative physiographic features

Landforms	(1) Basin floor (2) Lakebed (3) Valley floor
Ponding duration	Brief (2 to 7 days) to very brief (4 to 48 hours)
Ponding frequency	Occasional to rare
Elevation	4,000 – 4,600 ft
Aspect	Aspect is not a significant factor

Climatic features

The annual precipitation ranges from 6 to 10 inches, most of which occurs in the form of snow and rain during the months of December through March. Localized convection storms occasionally occur during the summer. The soil temperature is mesic to frigid near mesic with a mean air temperature of 48 degrees F. Temperature extremes range from 100 to -10 degrees F. The frost-free period ranges from 90 to 120 days. The optimum period for plant growth is from April through early June.

Table 3. Representative climatic features

Frost-free period (average)	120 days
Freeze-free period (average)	0 days
Precipitation total (average)	10 in

Soil features

The soils of this site are fine textured, very deep and somewhat poorly drained. The surface layer is a strong vesicular crust approximately 3 inches thick over a contrasting clay subsoil. Slight wind deposited coppice mounds with sage occur in a regular pattern. Ponding typically occurs for short periods in the spring. Permeability is moderately slow to slow. The availabe water holding capacity (AWC) is 6 to 10 inches. Depth to water table is normally greater than 60 inches.

Table 4. Representative soil features

Parent material	(1) Eolian deposits – rhyolite
Surface texture	(1) Silty clay loam
Family particle size	(1) Clayey
Drainage class	Somewhat poorly drained to poorly drained
Permeability class	Moderately slow to slow
Soil depth	72 in

Ecological dynamics

The reference native plant community on the scattered small coppice mounds is dominated by Wyoming big sagebrush. Bottlebrush squirreltail and lesser amounts of Sandberg bluegrass dominate the grass/forb layer under the Wyoming sagebrush. Sandberg bluegrass is scattered on the strongly contrasting bare playette. Forbs are a minor component. The potential vegetative composition is approximately 55 perrcent grass, 40 percent shrubs and 5 percent forbs. The approximate ground cover is 20-40 percent (basal and crown).

Four states have been identified for this site: a reference state; a state with the presence of annuals; a state with a shrub/annual co-dominance; and a state with annual dominance.

Reference: Plant community phase change is driven by infrequent fire. Wyoming and basin big sagebrush decline after fire while Thurber’s needlegrass, Indian ricegrass and other grasses increase. May see a temporary increase in rabbitbrush after fire. Time facilitates the reintroduction of sagebrush. The introduction of invasive annual grasses and forbs transitions into the state 2.

State 2: Compositionally similar to the reference state with a trace of cheatgrass and weedy forbs. Ecological function has not changed, however the resiliency of the state has been reduced by the presence of invasive weeds. Prescribed grazing and infrequent fire (> 50 year return interval) maintain state dynamics. The timing and/or intensity of grazing or prolonged drought favors Wyoming and basin big sagebrush, squirreltail and Sandberg’s bluegrass. Prescribed grazing and/or release from drought may reverse the decline in needlegrass and Indian ricegrass production. Infrequent fire reduces the shrub community and promotes the bunchgrass component. Mismanaged grazing and/or prolonged drought leads to a biotic threshold and into state 3.

State 3: Wyoming and basin big sagebrush is decadent with little recruitment. The perennial grass component is significantly reduced in both density and productivity. Cheatgrass and/or annual forbs and/or Sandberg’s bluegrass along with sagebrush control site resources and drive ecological dynamics. Bare ground is abundant. Spatial and temporal energy capture and nutrient cycling has been truncated. Infiltration may be reduced due to lack of ground cover. Risk of soil erosion by both wind and water is increased. Catastrophic wildfire will lead to an abiotic threshold and into state 4.

State 4: Cheatgrass and/or annual weed dominated plant community with limited to no shrub or perennial grass component. Soil erosion and redistribution along with changes in dynamic soil properties affect the hydrologic cycle and thus the nutrient cycle. Harsh environmental factors increase state resiliency to change.

Range in Characteristics-
This site is uniform in appearance with little variation. Production varies with coppice mound soil depth and spacing. The playette area contributes little toward production and Wyoming big sagebrush and bunchgrasses occur only on the coppice mounds.

Reponse to Disturbance-States
If heavy grazing causes site deterioration, bottlebrush squirreltail and Sandberg bluegrass decreases. With further deterioration the extent of bare playette area rapidly increases, Wyoming big sagebrush decreases and annual forbs and grasses weakly invade on the small coppice mounds remnants.

States: States: ARTRW8/POSE – bare ground; ARTRW8/Annuals – extensive bare ground playettes

State and transition model

Custom diagram

Standard diagram

Figure 2. Group 6, STM

More interactive model formats are also available. View Interactive Models

More interactive model formats are also available. View Interactive Models
Click on state and transition labels to scroll to the respective text

Ecosystem states

1. Reference Plant Community

State 1 submodel, plant communities

1.1. Reference Plant Community

State 1
Reference Plant Community

Community 1.1
Reference Plant Community

Figure 3. Annual production by plant type (representative values) or group (midpoint values)

Table 5. Annual production by plant type

Plant type	Low (lb/acre)	Representative value (lb/acre)	High (lb/acre)
Grass/Grasslike	55	165	220
Shrub/Vine	40	120	160
Forb	5	15	20
Total	100	300	400

Additional community tables

Table 6. Community 1.1 plant community composition

Group	Common name	Symbol	Scientific name	Annual production (lb/acre)	Foliar cover (%)
Grass/Grasslike
1	Dominant, perennial, moderate rooted bunchgrass			60–90
	squirreltail	ELEL5	Elymus elymoides	60–90	–
2	Sub-dominant, perennial, shallow rooted grass			30–60
	Sandberg bluegrass	POSE	Poa secunda	30–60	–
3	Other perennial grasses			12–36
	Indian ricegrass	ACHY	Achnatherum hymenoides	3–9	–
	Thurber's needlegrass	ACTH7	Achnatherum thurberianum	3–9	–
	basin wildrye	LECI4	Leymus cinereus	3–9	–
	beardless wildrye	LETR5	Leymus triticoides	3–9	–
	bluebunch wheatgrass	PSSPS	Pseudoroegneria spicata ssp. spicata	3–9	–
Forb
4	Perennial forbs			6–24
	cushion buckwheat	EROV	Eriogonum ovalifolium	2–9	–
	rock buckwheat	ERSP7	Eriogonum sphaerocephalum	2–9	–
	desertparsley	LOMAT	Lomatium	2–9	–
	longleaf phlox	PHLO2	Phlox longifolia	2–9	–
	onion	ALLIU	Allium	2–6	–
Shrub/Vine
5	Dominant, evergreen, non-sprouting shrub			60–90
	Wyoming big sagebrush	ARTRW8	Artemisia tridentata ssp. wyomingensis	60–90	–
6	Other shrubs			3–9
	yellow rabbitbrush	CHVI8	Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus	0–6	–

Interpretations

Animal community

Livestock grazing-
This site suited to fall and winter use by cattle, sheep, and horses under a planned grazing system. The key species is bottlebrush squirreltail. This species can be damaged if heavily grazed during periods of flowering and seed formation before root reserves have accumulated. Plant crowns can be damaged if grazed during spring periods while the soils are wet.

Wildlife-
This site is commonly occupied by small mammals and their associated predators. Mule deer and antelope will use this site during the fall and winter. This site provides limited cover and food for wildlife. Various birds, rabbits, and rodents make use of this site.

Hydrological functions

Watershed-
The soils of this site are typically near the lowest topographic position and when ponded have little runoff potential. Ponding is extended because of very low soil intake rates. As a result of low plant density the hydrologic cover condition is fair, even when the ecological condition is high.

Other information

This site has poor potential for range seeding because of the thick vesicular crust, contrasting clay subsoil and droughtiness of the site. Disturbing the vesicular crust and mixing it with the subsoil provides a slightly improved micro-environment for seedling establishment.

Rangeland health reference sheet

Interpreting Indicators of Rangeland Health is a qualitative assessment protocol used to determine ecosystem condition based on benchmark characteristics described in the Reference Sheet. A suite of 17 (or more) indicators are typically considered in an assessment. The ecological site(s) representative of an assessment location must be known prior to applying the protocol and must be verified based on soils and climate. Current plant community cannot be used to identify the ecological site.

Author(s)/participant(s)	Jeff Repp
Contact for lead author	State Rangeland Management Specialist for NRCS Oregon
Date	11/17/2016
Approved by	Bob Gillaspy
Approval date
Composition (Indicators 10 and 12) based on	Annual Production

Indicators

Number and extent of rills:
None, slight sheet & rill erosion hazard.
Presence of water flow patterns:
None, except following extremely high intensity storms or ponding in the spring when short (less than 1 meter) flow patterns may appear. Minimal evidence of past or current soil deposition or erosion.
Number and height of erosional pedestals or terracettes:
None.
Bare ground from Ecological Site Description or other studies (rock, litter, lichen, moss, plant canopy are not bare ground):
15-40%
Number of gullies and erosion associated with gullies:
None.
Extent of wind scoured, blowouts and/or depositional areas:
None to some deposited coppice mounds. Slight wind erosion hazard.
Amount of litter movement (describe size and distance expected to travel):
Litter size is Small/Fine. Litter movement is limited, minimal, and short, associated with water flow patterns following extremely high intensity storms or ponding in the spring. Litter also may be moved during intense wind storms.
Soil surface (top few mm) resistance to erosion (stability values are averages - most sites will show a range of values):
Site is Moderately resistant to erosion. Stability class (Herrick et al. 2001) anticipated to be 3-6 at surface under perennial vegetation. Stability class at surface in the interspaces is anticipated to be less than or equal to that under perennial vegetation.
Soil surface structure and SOM content (include type of structure and A-horizon color and thickness):
Surface layer structure is weak thin platy to moderate medium platy. The A horizon has a dry color of 5 - 7 and is 1 - 4 inches thick. The Soil Organic Matter (SOM) content is low (0.3 to 2.0%).
Effect of community phase composition (relative proportion of different functional groups) and spatial distribution on infiltration and runoff:
Plant foliar cover and basal cover with large gaps between plants should moderately reduce raindrop impact and slow overland flow, providing some increased time for infiltration to occur. Herbaceous vegetation on this site will retain some water from precipitation. Low ground cover (20-40%) and gentle slopes (0-3%) moderately limit rainfall impact and overland flow.
Presence and thickness of compaction layer (usually none; describe soil profile features which may be mistaken for compaction on this site):
None.
Functional/Structural Groups (list in order of descending dominance by above-ground annual-production or live foliar cover using symbols: >>, >, = to indicate much greater than, greater than, and equal to):

Dominant:
Deep rooted bunchgrasses = evergreen shrubs

Sub-dominant:
Shallow rooted bunchgrasses

Other:
Other perennial grasses = > perennial forbs > other shrubs

Additional:
Amount of plant mortality and decadence (include which functional groups are expected to show mortality or decadence):
Grasses will nearly always show some
mortality and decadence. Normal decadence and mortality expected on other plants.
Average percent litter cover (%) and depth ( in):
Expected annual annual-production (this is TOTAL above-ground annual-production, not just forage annual-production):
Low 100 lbs/acre, Representative Value 300 lbs/acre, High 400 lbs/acre
Potential invasive (including noxious) species (native and non-native). List species which BOTH characterize degraded states and have the potential to become a dominant or co-dominant species on the ecological site if their future establishment and growth is not actively controlled by management interventions. Species that become dominant for only one to several years (e.g., short-term response to drought or wildfire) are not invasive plants. Note that unlike other indicators, we are describing what is NOT expected in the reference state for the ecological site:
Annual grasses (Cheatgrass and Medusahead) and annual forbs invade sites that have lost deep rooted perennial grass functional groups.
Perennial plant reproductive capability:
All species should be capable of reproducing annually.

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